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Abstract The European Union is unique in the sense that it promotes human rights and labour rights through its trade policies and agreements. The EU is the world’s largest economy and it plays an important role in today’s world trade. Through the inclusion of human rights and labour rights clauses in the EU’s common external trade policy and its Generalised scheme of preferences (GSP), the EU seek

Enligt svensk lag föreligger sedan länge äktenskapshinder mot att ingå månggifte och tvegifte är dessutom kriminaliserat. Vidare är det svenska äktenskapet per definition monogamt. Makar ska även vara jämställda och behandlas lika. Det finns länder som tillåter månggiften av ekonomiska och sociala skäl. Bland utländska månggiften som figurerar i Sverige har många ingåtts enligt rättsordningar som In Swedish law, polygamy has been both criminalized and considered an impediment of marriage for a long time. Monogamy, as well as gender equality and equality in general, are fundamental principles in Swedish family law. Polygamous marriages are legal in certain other states due to being considered favorable for both economic and social reasons. Many foreign polygamous marriages that figure in Sw

År 1998 infördes fridskränkningsbrotten i brottsbalken för att kunna lagföra personer som utsätter sin partner eller annan närstående person för systematiskt och långvarigt våld. Ett av rekvisiten för grov fridskränkning är att offer och förövare ska vara närstående. Bestämmelsen tar främst sikte på personer som har en parrelation utan att vara samboende eller gifta. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kIn 1998, the violation of integrity offences were introduced into The Swedish Penal Code in order to prosecute people who expose their partner or another close person to systematic and long-term violence. One of the necessary requisites in the violation of integrity offences is that victims and perpetrators must have a close relationship. The provision is primarily aimed at people who have an inti

Begreppet särskild måttfullhet har styrt marknadsföring av tobaksprodukter sedan 1975. Idag råder som huvudregel ett förbud mot marknadsföring av tobaksprodukter. Ett av undantagen till huvudregeln är att kommersiella meddelanden inom butiker får förekomma så länge de inte är uppsökande, påträngande eller uppmanande till bruk av tobak. Dessutom måste dessa kommersiella meddelanden, för att vara tiThe concept of particular moderation has governed the marketing of tobacco products since 1975. As a general rule, marketing of tobacco products is forbidden. One of the exceptions to this general rule is that commercial messages within shops may occur as long as they are not reaching out to people, intrusive or inciting the use of tobacco. In addition, these commercial messages must, in order to

Detta projekt presenterar möjligheter för hur Malmö borde utvecklas, det visar en metodik och ett förslag på hur man kan behandla August Palms offentliga rum för att arbeta med stadens sociala utmaningar. Genom att tolka de teoretiska texter jag behandlat i fysiska grepp, ger jag förslag på hur stadsrummet kan ge förutsättningar för människor att mötas i det offentliga rummet på ett samtidigt krThis project presents the reader with possibilities for how Malmö can develop, it shows a methodical approach and proposal for how it is possible to treat the site, ”August Palms plats” and its’ public spaces in order to deal with the social challenges of the city. By interpreting theoretical articles I have created physical manifestations, where public space can generate situations promoting dial

Under den senaste tiden, har försörjningskedjan för livsmedel genomgått stora förändringar när det gäller strukturen av marknaden. Många faktorer har påverkat denna utveckling, till exempel ändrade preferenser hos konsumenterna, möjligheterna till internationell handel, administrativa krav och handels egna varumärken. Denna utveckling har medfört en obalans av marknadsmakt. Återförsäljarna har mycRecently, the food supply chain and especially the grocery retail sector has been subject to a significant change in relationship structure. The retail sector has become increasingly concentrated. Many factors have contributed to this development, including changes in consumer preferences, the facilitation of cross-border trade, administrative requirements and local zoning laws and the popularity

Duni has successfully expand their business internationally. Internationalization makes the distance between the producer and consumers become longer and this leads to strength reduction of corrugated boxes along the supply chain. To overcome this problem, this study is conducted to find the extent of corrugated boxes strength reduction during logistical activities, practices and condition in the

Colombia is a country characterized by an intense internal armed conflict, which has its foundation in political instability followed by discontent among the population of the country. With the rise of drug lords, rebel groups, paramilitaries and army the conflict has continuously intensified towards the government, which has left countless of civilians displaced and vulnerable. The political corr

This study explores the implications of an encampment policy - criminalising refugees’ mobility beyond the borders of a camp - for the potential of Cash Based Transfer assistance in protracted refugee situations. As the success of Cash Based Transfer assistance implies market availability and access to commodities, and certain interaction between the host community and refugee population, it is ar

Den svenska straffrätten har under det senaste århundradet genomgått en mängd förändringar. Allt som oftast har påföljdssystemet varit utformad efter de för tillfället förhärskande bestraffningsteorierna. Det finns en lång tradition av särbehandling av unga lagöverträdare i Sverige och till viss del så tas hänsyn till andra intressen när det gäller ungdomar. Denna framställning ska besvara frågornSwedish penal law has undergone many changes over the last centuries. The sanction system has most often been modelled on penalization theories dominant at the time. Sweden has a long tradition of special treatment of young offenders, and other interest are to some extent taken into consideration when it comes to juvenile offenders compared to adults. This essay will answer the questions of which

Vid prövning av huruvida grov kvinnofridskränkning föreligger är det idag möjligt för domstolar att använda tidigare lagakraftvunna domar för att nya gärningar ska uppfylla rekvisitet upprepad kränkning. Domstolarna använder sig däremot inte av tidigare lagakraftvunna domar för att rekvisitet brottsliga gärningar ska vara uppfyllt. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda om det strider mot principeGross violation of a woman’s integrity is a crime that consists of multiple criminal acts. During the trial of gross violation of a woman’s integrity is it possible for the court to use legally binding judgements to fulfil the requisite repeated violation. The court does not use legally binding judgements to fulfil the requisite criminal acts. The purpose of this essay is to examine if the use of

The SABR model has for a long time been an invaluable tool for capturing the volatility smile and to price nancial derivatives not quoted in the market. However, the current negative rate environment in the EUR market has led to numerous challenges for nancial institutions. One of the most problematic issues is that the SABR model used for volatility interpolation and extrapolation fails when rate

This master thesis is the first step in developing a new laboratory process for the automatic control basic course. The new process should illustrate the benefits of state-space control compared to PID control. A process with several outputs to control is then desired as a single PID controller does not support such a system. The suggested process consists of two carts mounted on a linear rail and

Att vara mor till ett barn ger omfattande rättsverkningar såsom vårdnad, förmynderskap och arv. Det rättsliga moderskapet bestäms i svensk rätt av moderskapspresumtionen och är inte lagfäst annat än undantagsvis. Om moderskapet skulle vara oklart eller korrekta uppgifter saknas i folkbokföringen, kan ledning inte sökas i föräldrabalken. I stället har praxis utvisat att talan om moderskap får väckaMotherhood implies several legal aspects, such as custody, guardianship and inheritance. Legal maternal status is established based on an unwritten legal presumption of motherhood. In Sweden, this presumption is grounded in unwritten law, which is why uncertain motherhood is not to be determined by the Children and Parents Code. Precedents show that maternity instead may be determined by a declara

Syftet med denna rapport är att utvärdera möjligheten att använda Virtuell Verklighet (VR) som ett medium för användbarhetstestning. Användbarhetstestning är en viktig del av alla iterativa utvecklingsprocesser. Vanligtvis utförs testerna i en laboratoriemiljö utanför produkternas naturliga miljö. Genom att använda VR kan dock användare uppleva testmiljön på ett mer realistiskt sätt. Studien genoThis thesis aims to evaluate the feasibility of using virtual reality as a medium for usability testing. Usability testing has long been an important part of any iterative development process. Most usability testing is, however, done in a lab setting, outside the product's natural environment. Virtual Reality (VR) on the other hand can engross a user in any environment. This thesis was done i

Popular involvement in Swedish society has gone through what can be described as a “death of associations”, a decreased participation in formal organizations. The involvement has not vanished, it merely seems to (partially) have changed shape to the benefit of less formal types of organizing, among others social movements. The informal structures raise questions about fundamental archival concepts

Mutualistic interactions between, for example, plants and pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystems, while non-pollinating insects (exploiters) that exploit plants are commonly thought to have destabilizing effects. The long-term, i.e., evolutionary time scale, effects of such potential destabilization is however largely unknown. The eco-evolutionary implication

Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of nine marine

A characteristic feature of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the high risk of recurrent disease after primary treatment. Although only a minority of cases eventually progress to a life-threatening muscle-invasive tumour, it is necessary to conduct long-term follow-up with repeated cystoscopies. In addition to the negative mental and physical impact that this has on the patient, the ex

BACKGROUND: It is not known why survival differs between men and women in oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study evaluates differences in comorbidity between men and women, and tests the hypothesis that comorbidity contributes to sex-related differences in mortality in oxygen-dependent COPD. METHODS: National prospective study of patients aged 50 years or