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Ideellt skadestånd har i svensk rätt traditionellt sett krävt ett uttryckligt lagstöd för att utgå. Denna tradition frångicks första gången genom NJA 2005 s. 462. Rättsfallet gällde en av staten begången överträdelse av en rättighet i EKMR. Artikel 13 i EKMR kräver av konventionsstaterna att de tillhandahåller ett effektivt rättsmedel vid kränkningar av konventionen. I händelse av att ideellt skadThe tradition in Swedish tort law has been that non-pecuniary damages need explicit legal support to be admitted. A deviation from this tradition was first made by the Supreme Court in the case NJA 2005 s. 462. The ruling imposed the state liability for non-pecuniary damages for its violation of a human right laid down in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (

This thesis investigates planning processes in language production, more specifically in texting as compared to speaking and writing, through pauses analyses (Goldman Eisler, 1969; Matsuhashi, 1981). Texting is used to examine the role of the spatial and temporal presence of a listener/reader in language production. Texting offers an interesting context in this respect since it has spatial absence

Leverantörsutvärdering är något som väldigt många företag måste genomföra och som ofta är ett komplext problem med många parametrar och variabler inblandade. Detta arbete har tagit fram ett framework för hur attribut och prestandamått bör vara konstruerade för att ge en så representativ poängsättning som möjligt, samt en modell för övervakning och kontroll av leverantörens produkter baserat på speEvaluating suppliers is something that the majority of companies has to do and is something that often is a complex problem with many parameters and variables involved. This is especially true for a company like Kiviks Musteri that purchases a variety of different products from all over the world from different types of suppliers that come from different cultures and backgrounds. It is also essent

Vattenkraft är en omfattande nationell industri som förser Sverige med ungefär 45 % av dess energiproduktion (Molin 2016). Ett problem branschen brottas med är rödfärgade utfällningar som sätter igen mätinstrument och dränageledningar vid dammarna, så kallat. rödslam. Rödslammet produceras av järnoxiderande bakterier, FeOB, som oxiderar Fe(II) till Fe(III) (Hamrén 2013). Det partikulära järnet aHydropower is an extensive national industry which supplies Sweden with about 45 % of its total energy produced (Molin 2016). A problem which the industry is currently fighting is the presence of ochre-colored precipitations that clog vital measuring tools and drainage pipes at the dams, commonly called red mud. The red mud is produced by iron-oxidizing bacteria, FeOB, which oxidize Fe(II) to F

Klinopyroxen har förmågan att kristallisera över ett stort intervall av temperatur, tryck och kemisk sammansättning; därför är de optimala för att studera historien för ett magmatiskt system. I den här uppsatsen analyserades fyra klinopyroxenkristaller i en ankaramit med fokus på kemi och zonering. Ankaramitprovet härstammar från Tenomassivet, Teneriffa, och bildades troligtvis i ett utbrott som sClinopyroxenes have the ability to crystallize over and respond to a large range of temperatures, pressures and chemical compositions, and thus, they are ideal for studies regarding the history of magmatic systems. In this thesis, the chemistry and zoning of four clinopyroxene crystals from an ankaramite sample from the Teno massif, Tenerife, were analysed. The ankaramites in Teno massif were, acc

Med minskade resurser av fossila bränslen och ökade miljökrav har förnybara ersättningar fått större uppmärksamhet. Produktionen av förnybara kemikalier och bränslen genom förgasning av biomassa är en lovande lösning för att driva denna energiomställning. Syntesgas (syngas), en blandning av främst CO och H2, kan framställas av biomassa via förgasning. Biologisk me-tanisering, som ett potentiellt aWith reduced resources of fossil fuels and increased environmental requirements, renewable substitutes have received greater attention. The production of renewable chemicals and fuels through biomass gasification presents a promising route to drive this energy transition. Synthe-sis gas (syngas), a mixture of mainly CO and H2, can be produced from biomass via gasifica-tion. Biological methanation,

There are limited writings about sick individuals and their diseases in the Synoptic Gospels. In my thesis I have studied the etiology of diseases, the sick individuals, and how their manifestations of disease convey an understanding of their situation. I have also studied differences between the three Synoptic Gospels in this regard. By using the method of a literary analytical approach, I ha

Metodutveckling för analys av cellulärt upptag av nanopartiklar Cancer är idag en utbredd sjukdom som tusentals människor världen över diagnostiseras för dagligen. Möjligheterna att få en korrekt behandling ökar om tumörer upptäcks i ett tidigt skede tidigt vilket ger en större chans att tillfriskna. Men detta har visat sig vara en utmaning då nuvarande metoder som används inte är av tillräckligAbstract MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, is used for disease detection such as assessing blood flow, detecting tumours and diagnosing many forms of cancer. Contrast agents are chemical substances that increase the MRI sensitivity. One class of contrast agents are the so called nanoparticulate contrast agents. Since tumour-associated formation of new blood vessels often results in highly permeab

Popular summary: In my work I have studied the manganese ores at Bölet in Västergötland, southern Sweden. The ores at Bölet are of hydrothermal origin, which means that a hot fluid flushed through the bedrock and precipitated different salts and minerals. The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature of the precipitating fluids and to estimate their composition. To do so I examined mic

The purpose of this thesis project was to analyse and evaluate different systems for installation of piperun in ceilings. Main focus lay on how the systems influence the installer from an ergonomic point of view as well as productivity in terms of installation time. Several studies have been performed during this project using a variety of methods such as observations, interviews, questionnaires a

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Kalksten är en av våra viktiga geologiska resurser och har genom historien använts till byggnadsmaterial, jordbruk och inom modern industri. Kalksten i alla dess former har varit en viktig del av människans kulturella och teknologiska utveckling. Ett av alla dess användningsområden är som flussmedel vid bearbetning av järnmalm; bränd kalk tillsätts när malmen smäQuicklime (CaO) is an important geological resource with a wide variety of industrial uses. It is a base chemical produced from the burning of limestone or dolomite. This process is referred to as calcination, during which the limestone is heated to temperatures of 900 °C or higher, resulting in the discharge of CO₂, leaving a yield of quicklime. The formula can be written as follows: Limestone:

Sammanfattning Den här uppsatsen är en granskning av brittisk, svensk och kanadensisk upphovsrätt. Mer exakt utreder detta arbete de olika ländernas syn på parodier och hur dessa skyddas under respektive lands upphovsrättslag. För att få en bättre förståelse för om parodier kan kvalificeras som upphovsrättsliga verk, berör även denna uppsats vilka olika kriterier varje land har satt upp för att Summary This paper examines the copyright laws of the British, Swedish and Canadian systems. More precisely it investigates the different countries views on parodies and in what way they are or aren’t protected under their Copyright Act. To get a better understanding of parodies and how they can qualify as a copyright work, this paper also deals with the different requirement each country has set

En stor andel av alla brottslingar som kommer i kontakt med den svenska kriminalvården lider av något slags missbruk. Kriminaliteten har ofta ett samband med missbruket och personen kan exempelvis ha begått brottet under någon slags påverkan eller i syfte att anskaffa sig droger. Såväl samhället som den dömde har ett stort intresse av att behandla ett eventuellt missbruk inom ramen för ett fängelsA large percentage of all the criminals who come in contact with the Swedish correctional system suffer from some kind of substance abuse. The criminality is often related to the abuse and the person may have committed such offense under some kind of influence or to obtain the substance. Both society at large and the offender may have a strong interest in the treatment of abuse in connection with

The purpose of this study is to explore how authentic online brands are created when the actual brand building process can lead to an inauthentic product. Relevance for theory and practice: Authenticity in personal online branding is something of an abstract concept that has been seldom examined on this level. By combining the corporate branding, personal branding and authenticity literature the i

We present a comprehensive picture of how X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the O 1s edge, supported by ob initio calculations, can be used to address the electronic properties of the conduction band edges of transition metal oxides. The compounds studied in order to illustrate the method are two of the most versatile transition metal oxides, ZrO2 and TiO2. Special attention is paid to the su

BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have been reported to have beneficial effects on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of ganirelix, a GnRH receptor antagonist, on bladder function and detrusor overactivity (DO) in female rats. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Female Sprague-Dawl

Mechanical properties and rate of ATP breakdown (JATP) have been determined in the chemically skinned guinea-pig taenia coli at 22 degrees C. The influence of varied [Ca2+], [Mg ATP] and muscle length were investigated. The shortening response after a step decrease in force (isotonic quick release) was highly curvilinear in the first 100-200 ms. This effect was shown to be a time-dependent respons

BackgroundA seven-year follow-up of heroin dependent patients treated in a buprenorphine-maintenance program combining contracted work/education and low tolerance for non-prescribed drug use. Gender-specific differences in outcome were analysed. MethodsA consecutively admitted cohort of 135 men and 35 women, with eight years of heroin abuse/dependence on average was admitted to enhanced buprenorph