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Trafikverket upphandlar funktionsentreprenader för att öka attraktiviteten hos anläggningsbranschen. I denna upphandlingsform har Trafikverket omvandlat tekniska lösningar till funktionskrav, som i sin tur tillåter entreprenören att komma på egna tekniska lösningar. Trafikverket som beställare behöver veta kvalitén på vägen som levereras i slutet av garantitiden. Kvalitén kan undersökas genom blThe Swedish Transport Administration procures performance contracts to increase the attractiveness of the construction industry. In this procurement, The Swedish Transport Administration has transformed technical solutions into functional requirements. This allows the contractor to develop his own technical solutions. As a customer, The Swedish Transport Administration needs to find out the quali

Då oriktig uppgift lämnats till ledning för beskattning kan den uppgiftsskyldige riskera skattetillägg eller, i de svårare fallen, bli ansvarig för skattebrott. Ett skattetillägg utgår som huvudregel med ett pålägg om 40 % på den skatt som skulle ha erlagts och de vanliga straffrättsliga påföljderna, böter och fängelse, tillämpas vid skattebrott. Fängelsestraffet kan som högst bli sex år då oriktiIn cases where inaccurate information has been sent to tax authorities, the responsible person is risking surcharge or in worse cases making herself guilty of tax offence. A basic rule implies that a surcharge means an additional 40 % to the normal taxes and when it comes to cases of tax offence, the ordinary penalties of criminal law, fines and prison, are practiced. The highest prison sentence f

Vatten, både i flytande- och fast form, anses vara en av de stora riskerna till uppkomst av skador på vägar. Det kan nå vägkonstruktionen redan under byggskedet eller i ett senare skede, vilket ställer stora krav på att hålla det borta från vägkroppen för att eliminera risken för uppkomst av följdproblem. En väg genomgår tre viktiga faser, Projektering, Produktion samt Drift- och underhåll. BristfWater, both as a liquid and solid, is considered to be one of the major hazards that can give rise to damages on the road. It can affect the road during the construction stage but also at a later stage, which places a great demand on keeping water away from roads in order to eliminate the risks of secondary problems. A road goes through three important stages, Design, Production, Running operation

Processvatten från läkemedelsindustrin kan innehålla spår av läkemedel. De flesta vattenreningsverk är inte designade för att hantera denna typ av vatten, vilket kan leda till komplikationer i reningsverken och i lokal miljö. Arbetet har handlat om hur introduktionen av nya produkter leder till nya processvatten och hur dessa nya strömmar kan komma att påverka McNeil och det avloppsreningsverk somWastewater from pharmaceutical industries can sometimes contain substances that could cause complications in the receiving wastewater treatment plant. This master thesis is about a phar-maceutical company and the wastewater from it. The company (McNeil) will introduce new products, and this will result in new wastewater streams with unknown properties. It is crucial that the new streams do not cau

As people travel more than ever before, transport and infrastructure is growing in all Swedish cities. With growing emission levels of nitrogen dioxide, greenhouse gases and particles, and an increasing risk of traffic-related accidents, parking strategy is a key component in planning and securing the healthy development of the city's infrastructure. For new construction and rebuilding a parki

The increase of complexity of public services in the modern era proposes requirements for the coordination and cooperation between the public sectors. Inter department coordination mechanism is one of the very important part in government management and it becomes a global trend. No matter in the US, Japan, Korea or UK, setting up one kind of special organization to do the coordination between dif

Bergmaterialindustrin i Sverige befinner sig just nu i en omstruktureringsfas då nya regler starkt begränsar möjligheten att använda sig av naturgrus för så väl bygg- och anläggningsändamål som för betongindustrin. Detta har även lett till att teknikutvecklingen stävar mot en övergång mot krossat berg, och inte sällan har det lett till bergmaterial med egenskaper som överträffar dem för naturgrus.The Swedish rock-mass industry is currently in a transition period because new rules and regulations strongly limit the possibility to use naturally sorted aggregates for construction and concrete purposes. Furthermore, research and development within the industry is more oriented towards crushed bedrock aggregates. Whilst the crystalline bedrock of Scandinavia mostly consists of Precambrian gneis

Enligt principen om avtalsfrihet är fysiska och juridiska personer fria att ingå rättsligt bindande avtal. Det finns dock många undantag från avtalsbundenheten. Enligt 36 § lagen (1915:218) om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område kan en avtalsförpliktelse jämkas eller lämnas utan avseende om den är oskälig. I vissa fall är avtal som strider mot lag eller goda seder ogiltigAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, natural and legal persons are free to enter into legally binding contracts. There are, however, many exceptions to the binding force of contracts. According to Article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act (Sw. lagen [1915:218] om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område), unreasonable (Sw. oskäliga) contract terms may be adjusted o

The aim of this thesis is to clarify the purpose of equal treatment. Furthermore the thesis intents to shed light on what the courts affirm or declare when they determine what is in compliance with the principle of equal treatment. In addition to this the thesis will also analyse whether or not a framework agreement can be combined according to LOU 5th chapter 6 § and LOU 5th chapter 7 §. The cent

The construction and demolition sector stands for a large amount of the waste produced every year, roughly one third of all waste produced every year in Sweden, comes from this sector. The construction material manu- facturer Ecophon is a world leading company in manufacturing of acoustic products made out of glass wool, which are used in all kind of buildings and the general geometry of an acoust

We calculate potential-energy surfaces as functions of spheroidal (epsilon(2)), hexadecapole (epsilon(4)), and axial-asymmetry (gamma) shape coordinates for 7206 nuclei from A = 31 to A = 290. We tabulate the deformations and energies of all minima deeper than 0.2 MeV and of the saddles between all pairs of minima. The tabulation is terminated at N = 160. Our study is based on the FRLDM macroscopi

Title: The store layouts affect on organizational culture - A case study about how changes in store layout at Däckia can affect their organizational culture Date: May 25, 2010 Level: One year master degree in Service Management, 15 credits Authors: Katarina Johansson, Nina Lemic and Elaine Wendt Advisors: Birgitta Olsson and Pia Siljeklint Key words: Store layout, organizational culture, employee

Popular science summary: New approaches for treating lakes with ammonia pollution Extract of Yucca shidigera, a desert plant, has been used in aquaculture to control ammonia in the water. Microalgae has been proved effective in removing ammonia and phosphorous from wastewater of agriculture and aquaculture. Therefore, it is possible that they could remove ammonia from lakes. Hence, several fish t

In the European Union policies often demonstrate considerable resistance to reform. A classic exampe is the Common Agricultural Policy, CAP, which illustrates the inertia that can surround EU better than any other sector. The inertia within the CAP has often been analysed from a historical perspective using the path dependency concept as an analytical tool. This thesis suggest that this perspecti

The purpose of this paper is to test a procedure that would be useful for a certain, more final purpose. Assume that you want to know if the differences in the result of a certain effort in health care have any connection with differences between the life situations of the patients. This would be easier to investigate if the life situations of the patients had connection to the easily available va

This mapping provides an overview of different types of arenas where the two concepts Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and Blue Carbon (BC) are discussed. EbA has been defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as “The use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change.” (CBD, 2009). BC

The cholesterol-lowering effects of oats have led to an increasing interest in them on the food market. Liquid oats has emerged as a new way of consuming oats and has become a commercial product. To produce liquid oats, steam-heated dehulled oat groats are subjected to flaking, wet-milling, enzyme hydrolysis, decanting, formulation, and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment, the resulting beverag

Most types of materials and components use heating during the manufacturing process, with a large potential for cost and energy savings. Induction heating is the most energy efficient industrial heating technology for many applications, but so far technical limitations has delayed large scale introduction. The difficulties relate to heating of large flat and curved surfaces, and, perhaps most impo