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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar till stora delar om fotodynamisk tumörterapi (PDT). PDT har sedan början av förra århundradet undersökts som ett tänkbart alternativ till strålningsbehandling, kirurgi och kemoterapi för behandling av cancertumörer i kroppen. Precis som namnet antyder involverar metoden en fotodynamisk reaktion. För att denna reaktion skall ske behövs tre kompoPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as a cancer treatment modality relies on the simultaneous presence of three components; light, photosensitiser and oxygen. Once excited by the light, the photosensitiser can interact with oxygen, leading to the formation of toxic oxygen species. These reactive substances induce cellular damage within the irradiated tissue volume. PDT has been investigated for treating ma

Popular Abstract in Swedish Spektroskopi är den vetenskapsgren som används för att studera samspelet mellan strålning/ljus och materia för tillämpningar i både diagnostiska och terapeutiska syften. Då ljus sänds in i ett prov sätts olika fysikaliska processer igång. I denna avhandling studeras företrädesvis en process som kallas för absorption. Vid absorptionsspektroskopi är våglängden av ljuset, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy can be utilised for gas detection in biological and medical applications. The common approach is to analyse transmitted light according to the Beer-Lambertian law. Normally, the light has a well-defined path length through the gas sample since it can be assumed that it has negligible scattering properties. Samples which, by contrast, have strong scatteri

Background: The majority of bicarbonate based dialysis fluids are acidified with acetate. Citrate, a well known anticoagulant and antioxidant, has been suggested as a biocompatible alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate short term safety and biocompatibility of a citrate containing acetate-free dialysis fluid. Methods: Twenty four (24) patients on maintenance dialysis three times

The comprehensive use of plastic globally has raised many questions about how it will affect living organisms once it is disposed of and reaches the ecosystem. Disposing of plastic in high amounts without recycling could lead to several toxic effects for aquatic organisms and eventually humans. Accumulation of plastic for a long time leads to its aggregation and/or degradation into small sizes in

OECD delivered on October 5th 2015 the BEPS final package consisting of 15 actions intending to address the issues of base erosion and profit shifting. The aim of Action 6 is to prevent treaty abuse, in particular treaty shopping. To achieve this goal, a specific anti- abuse rule, a Limitation- on- Benefit (LOB) rule, will be included in the OECD Model. The LOB rule contains objective tests that t

Den digitala teknikens genomslag har minst sagt haft en stor betydelse för möjligheterna att sprida information, särskilt via globala nätverk som internet. Länken har blivit ett viktigt hjälpmedel för att hitta till och navigera bland på internet tillgängliggjort material. Samtidigt har digitaliseringen medfört att upphovsrättsskyddade objekt nyttjas i en allt större utsträckning och i en gränsöveThe development of the digital technology has had a significant impact on the possibilities to disseminate information, especially through global networks like the Internet. The link has become an important tool to find and navigate among material that has been made available on the Internet. At the same time, digitalisation has lead to an increased use of copyright protected objects, also in a tr

The product price given when producing offshore is not the entire truth and more companies decide to move their offshore production nearshore (Stentoft et. al, 2016). To measure the actual cost of producing many more parameters than visible costs needs to be taken account for. There are advantages as well as risks with outsourcing and costs can increase with distance such as quality issues, freigh

Warehouses are critical nodes in a supply chain, providing a valuable interface between supply and demand. One aspect that warehouse operations struggle with is errors which, if not addressed, will impact the customers downstream from the warehouse. One of the ways to address errors in warehouses is through technology, such as automation of processes, though these are not always effective. A new t

NMR relaxation experiments have provided a wealth of information about molecular motions in macromolecules and ordered fluids. Even though a rigorous theory of spin relaxation is available, the complexity of the investigated systems often makes the interpretation of limited datasets challenging and ambiguous. To allow physically meaningful information to be extracted from the data without commitme

Self-levelling flooring compounds (SLCs) are mainly used on concrete floors. Their purpose is to smooth the floors and make them horizontal. The fact that they are self-levelling means that they spread out like water over the floor before hardening to a horizontal layer. Some of them are also advertised as being self-desiccating. A quote from a big manufacturer on the Swedish market regarding thei

In some postmodern philosophy and theology, the view of God has returned to the centre of the discussion. God is seen as a living reality beyond human conception. Some of the contemporary philosophers even relate to the negative or apofatic theology. They often do this as a contrast to the positive theology. The view of God in postmodern theology and philosophy is beyond our rational knowledge. Th

This report is summary of research area 3: Speed management tools and strategies of project MASTER (Managing Speeds of Traffic on European Roads) under the Transport RTD Programme of the 4th Framework Programme of the European Commission. The report describes the findings of a literature review on various ATT (Advanced Transport Telematics) and traditional (non-ATT) methods for speed management. B

Importance: Adjuvant imatinib is associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) when administered after surgery to patients with operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but its influence on overall survival (OS) has remained uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the effect of adjuvant imatinib on OS of patients who have a high estimated risk for GIST recurrence after macroscopically c

Magnetic resonance imaging enables detailed in vivo study of complex flow through 3D, time-resolved phase contrast imaging (4D flow). 4D flow may reveal previously unknown aspects of the physiology of intracardiac blood flow, and possibly elucidate pathophysiological processes that have yet to manifest themselves outside the heart.The purpose of this thesis is to examine the physiological role of

This dissertation deals with the characteristic variation found in adult French L2 oral production. In their production of regular verbs, beginners use a short form, like parle, and a long form, like parlE, in contexts of both the present (je parl/*je parlE) and the infinitive (je veux parlE/*je veux parl). This sometimes results in target-like uses and sometimes not. The question addressed in th

elwood is the main source of cooking and heating energy for households in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, most of these households use inefficient biomass cook stoves, leading to consumption of more fuel and exposure to indoor air pollutants and associate health problems which disproportionately affect women and children. However, adoption of cleaner biomass cook stoves has remained low w

The three short movements in “Aspects of Snow” are united by the theme of snowy landscapes depicted in the poems and also share concentrated musical material. The piece was written in 2012 and premiered the same year by the Malmö Academy of Music Chamber Choir under the direction of Mats Paulsson. Else Lasker-Schüler (1869–1945) was one of the leading German writers in the decades after the turn o

Background: Histological grade is a well-known prognostic factor that is routinely assessed in breast tumours. However, manual assessment of Nottingham Histological Grade (NHG) has high inter-assessor and inter-laboratory variability, causing uncertainty in grade assignments. To address this challenge, we developed and validated a three-level NHG-like deep learning-based histological grade model (

Vid företagsförvärv är det vanligt att avtalssigneringen och tillträdet sker som två separata moment en viss tid från varandra. En viktig anledning till denna uppdelning är att det ofta föreligger lagkrav som måste vara upp-fyllda innan tillträdet, exempelvis att företagsöverlåtelsen ska godkännas av Konkurrensverket eller av bolagsstämman. Detta medför dock risker för köparen. Vem ska bära ansvarIn company acquisitions, it is common for the signing of the agreement and the transfer of ownership to take place as two separate steps at different times. A major reason for this division is that there are often legal require-ments that must be met before the transfer of ownership can occur, such as the transfer having to be approved by the Swedish Competition Authority or by the company general