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Why some civil wars end for good and others start up again is a complex question that inhibits many factors. This thesis argues, that the cohesiveness of rebel groups is one of the important ones in the post-conflict phase. During civil war the rebel groups can build up their political, military, and societal profile. In the aftermath of a civil war, this profile becomes one of the deciding factor

Title: What’s in the box? - An embedded single-case study of Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Center Geneva to determine inventory holding costs within humanitarian logistics Authors: Ludvig Wenglén, Theo Larsson Malmstedt Supervisor: Joakim Kembro, Division of Engineering Logistics, Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University Problem definition: Médecins Sans Frontières and the humanita

As decarbonization pressures increase for energy-intensive processing industries, understanding demand side readiness is essential in order to scale up breakthrough technologies. This thesis investigates the willingness to pay (WTP) for green steel in the North American automotive industry, with a focus on steel produced by the H2-DRI-EAF route, where hydrogen is produced from renewable electricit

Since the country’s graduation from the United Nations Least Developed Countries (UNLDC) list in 2015, there has been a sharp drop in foreign aid inflows in Bangladesh, whichforced many NGOs to reconsider their business models in managing organizational operatingfinances. This study identifies that development-NGOs are confronted with multiple internaland external challenges like decreased commitm

Glacier retreat has cascading effects for mountain communities whose livelihoods and cultural- cosmological beliefs are deeply intertwined with glacier-fed ecosystems. Loss and damage research and governance overly emphasize economic framings rendering intangible losses invisible. This thesis adopts a Plural Values approach to surface lived experiences of glacier-related loss and damage in the Uga

Investeringssparkonto (ISK) infördes den 1 januari 2012 som en schablonbeskattad sparform för fysiska personer. I stället för att beskattas för faktiska utdelningar och kapitalvinster erlägger innehavaren en årlig skatt beroende på ett kapitalunderlag som approximativt motsvarar portföljens förväntade avkastning. Systemet är kon-struerat med utgångspunkt i en inhemsk skattemässig kontext. När inneThe Swedish Investment Savings Account (ISK) is a lump-sum taxed savings vehicle introduced on 1 January 2012. Instead of being taxed on actual dividends and capital gains, the account holder pays an annual tax calculated on a deemed capital base approximating the portfolio’s expected return. When foreign listed shares are held in an ISK, a complication arises: the source state’s right to withhold

The safe and just Earth System Boundary for groundwater is transgressed in a quarter of aquifers in Spain, with irrigated agriculture being the largest driver of overexploitation. Guided by the Earth System Boundary Framework, this thesis studies interventions that reversed agricultural groundwater depletion. Through a systematic literature review, five such cases were identified. While aquifer ab

Introduction: The co-occurrence of lupus nephritis (LN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an excess risk of infection. However, it remains unknown whether the infection risk differs between LN with moderate and advanced CKD (LN-CKD) and other CKD etiologies. Methods: Using data from the Swedish Renal registry 2006-2021, we identified 14,128 patients (median age 68 years, 64% men,

Background: Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may influence risks of complications including dementia. We investigated dementia risk across T2D subgroups defined by beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods: We used Homeostasis Model Assessment-2 indices of beta-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) to classif

Molecular oxygen activation at single transition metal atom sites is critical for catalysis but remains challenging to control. Here we investigate a manganese–cobalt bi-metallic coordination network on graphene, where Co(i) atoms are tetracoordinated by nitrogen. Combining density functional theory with in situ infrared-visible sum-frequency generation and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spe

Background: Sleep and behavioral regulation are both vital for early healthy development. Yet, little is known about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to early sleep and regulatory behaviors, or how these etiological influences may change during the first months of life. Methods: Genetic and environmental influences on sleep, settle, and crying behaviors at 2 and 5 mon

Background: Influenza infection increases the risk of pneumonia and respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mucins play an important role in pulmonary host defense. Methods: Lower airway mucins were obtained from long-term smokers with and without COPD, pneumonia patients, and healthy never-smokers; oral MUC5B was obtained from a healthy never-smoker, and the abilit

We investigate the temperature-dependent complex dielectric function of bulk single-crystal In2O3 over the spectral range of 1–6 eV and temperatures from room temperature to 600 °C under high-vacuum conditions using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dielectric function was modeled using wavelength-by-wavelength and critical-point model dielectric function analyses. The dielectric function ex

The purpose of this study was to determine if and how the city district of Södra Innerstaden in Malmö, by using the Skärholms model, demand their client to reciprocate. The first problem set was to see how the demand was shown in the social service act from year 1998. From there the motives behind the introduction of the Skärholms model in city district of Södra Innerstaden were researched and als

One of the most stated reasons for ERP failure is that the organization failed to recognise the impact the system would have on business processes. A possible solution to this could be to use an approach focusing on process change when implementing ERP systems. Therefore this study investigates the possibilities of using Business Process Management (BPM) when implementing ERP systems. The focus li

The purpose of this paper is to study the rules of the bill 2007/08: 136 "A reformed sick-leave process of increased return to work" as related to the rehabilitation chain. In the interpretation of the material I have used the “practical legal method” and a minor empirical study has been conducted to find out how Region Skåne and UMAS adjust their activities to the new regulations. The g

The wax on the stem and leafs of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plant has a protective function and is produced by the cells on the plant's outer surfaces. There are several available barley mutants where the wax production has been stopped. Four mutants are the single-site mutants cer-c.36, cer-q.42, ceru. 21 and the deletion mutant cer-cqu.724. We phenotyped 636 barley plants and collected

In November 2022, Balenciaga became the target of a widespread brand conspiracy theory. The Balenciaga conspiracy theory saw a viral spread on social media, with it escalating quickly, leading to offline ramifications. To best answer the research question "how does a brand conspiracy theory spread on social media, using the 2022 Balenciaga campaigns as a case study?", a virality framewor