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The failure of the EU and its Member States to adequately respond to increased refugee movements since 2015, has caused disagreement on how the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility should be given effect in the context of a reformed European policy on migration. In September 2020, theEuropean Commission proposed the new Pact on Migration and Asylum which was meant to promote
The idea that increasing immigration will lead to a growing Muslim presence in Western Europe and that this in turn stands in contrast to the secularity of these states frames the context of this study. Therefore, this thesis explores the experiences of religious Muslims in the secular Swedish society. Potential problems between the religious Muslim minority and secular Swedish majority have been
In an extensive analysis of seven coastal sites that are spread across the East and West coast of southern Sweden, animal economy and specialised hunting is at the forefront of interpreting the subsistence strategy and mobility in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer societies. Through comparative data, the following thesis will observe the differences and similarities between the aforementioned coastal reg
The current study is aimed at highlighting the impact of enterally or parenterally applied immunoglobulins (Igs) on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) absorption in newborn pigs. Piglets were chosen as the appropriate model since they are born agammaglobulinemic and any effects of Ig addition can thus be easily monitored. Twenty-one, new born piglets were used in the study. Plasma levels of PUFAs,
Background: Trichoderma fungi live in the soil rhizosphere and are beneficial for plant growth and pathogen resistance. Several species and strains are currently used worldwide in co-cultivation with crops as a biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides even though little is known about the exact mechanisms of the beneficial interaction. We earlier found alamethicin, a peptide antibiotic secret
Background: Progression time from islet autoimmunity to clinical type 1 diabetes is highly variable and the extent that genetic factors contribute is unknown. Methods: In 341 islet autoantibody-positive children with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3/DR4-DQ8 or the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 genotype from the prospective TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, we invest
The development of human breast cancer is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, and cytogenetic analyses have documented the consistent involvement of both arms of chromosome I. In the present study, molecular markers detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used in pairwise screening of normal and tumor DNA to determine the frequency of allelic imbalance in breast tum
BACKGROUND: Studies of cancer risk among relatives of children with cancer beyond parents and siblings are limited. We have investigated the cancer risk up to the third degree of relation in families with pediatric cancer to reveal patterns of inheritance.METHODS: A single-center cohort of 757 pediatric cancer patients was linked to the Swedish National Population Register, resulting in 16 137 rel
Many Streptococcus pyogenes immunoglobulin-binding proteins have structural similarities to the antiphagocytic M protein, including the well-known C repeats. One of these molecules is the immunoglobulin A-binding protein Arp, which is expressed by a serotype 4 strain for which no antiphagocytic M protein has yet been described. We expressed Arp4 in an S. pyogenes strain from which the structural g
The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin generates key molecules regulating cell growth and inducing apoptosis. Data from animal cancer models support an inhibitory role for this pathway in the malignant transformation of the colonic mucosa. In the intestinal tract, a sphingomyelinase with an optimum alkaline pH has been identified. We recently found that the activity of alkaline sphingomyelinase is signif
Background: Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is well documented in the critically ill. We assessed 1-year mortality in relation to cardiac biomarkers and LV function parameters by echocardiography in patients with shock. Methods: A prospective, observational, cohort study of 49 patients. B-natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitive troponin T (hsTNT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were a
Background and Purpose - Data regarding the association between blood pressure level and incidence of stroke subtype, especially primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) subtypes, is sparse. This population- based study explored the relationship between blood pressure and the incidence of cerebral infarction, and PICH, with lobar and nonlobar location. Methods - Risk factors were assessed in 27 702
BACKGROUND: Intestinal inactivity leads to atrophic changes and concomitant alterations in the expression of neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system. In atrophic rat ileum neurones expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) decrease in number while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expressing neurones increase. Since little is known
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder believed to be exclusively caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene coding for the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. Common findings in CTX are tendon xanthomas, cataracts and progressive neurological dysfunction. Here, we characterize an adult female patient with tendon xanthomas and classic biochemical findings of CTX (i.e. h
BACKGROUND: Reduced lung function has been associated with increased rates of myocardial infarction. Whether the occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to lung function is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a population-based study of 68-year-old men without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction; 402 men participated. Mortality and corona
Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in cell cultures is generally studied in a medium, such as artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with an ion composition similar to that of the extracellular fluid of the normal brain (2 to 4 mmol/L K+, 2 to 3 mmol/L Ca2+; pH 7.4). Because the distribution of ions across cell membranes dramatically shifts during ischemia, the authors exposed mouse organotypic h
Infectious agents may be involved in atherothrombogenesis. The potential pathogenic pathway, however, remains unclear. We investigated the association between various infectious agents and lipoproteins known to have an atherogenic effect, We recruited 470 healthy blood donors and 238 patients with angiographically proven coronary heart disease (CHD), aged 40 to 68 years. Seropositivity to Chlamydi
Background:The delay between onset of macroscopic haematuria and diagnosis of bladder cancer is often long.Methods:We evaluated timely diagnosis and health-care costs for patients with macroscopic haematuria given fast-track access to diagnostics. During a 15-month period, a telephone hotline for fast-track diagnostics was provided in nine Swedish municipalities for patients aged ⩾50 years with ma
Purpose: To identify a specific factor that can support the decision for prophylactic fixation in unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total national population of 379 children diagnosed with slipped capital femoral epiphysis from 2007 to 2013. Regression analysis used information on slip severity, clinical classification of the index hi
