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BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing gl
There is a serious need in the automotive industry to predict surface defects in outer panels. Measures to prevent these defects can not be taken until a test part has been manufactured. This costs a lot in time and money. Within the present project stamping tools for a model part resembling the area around the fuel filler lid was developed. This is an area of the outer surface of a car, which is
Purpose: To assess performance of a biomarker-based score that predicts the five-year risk of diabetes (Diabetes Risk Score, DRS) in an independent cohort that included 15-year follow-up. Method: DRS was developed on the Inter99 cohort, and validated on the Botnia cohort. Performance was benchmarked against other risk-assessment tools comparing calibration, time to event analysis, and net reclassi
Greece in a period of financial crisis (2008-2013) is questioning the success of its policy implementation. The training centers for the intellectually disabled, as implementers of policies and programs on a national and European level, also question that success. Using Foucault’s concept of power relations within society, it is aimed to find whether policies and programmes for the intellectually
The share of transport sector green house gas emissions has been increasing in the EU-15 in the recent decades. Moreover, the development in passenger and freight transport subsectors has diverged. This thesis provides drivers of freight transport carbon emissions in the EU-15 between 1995 and 2008 by conducting Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition. It differentiates between structure, inte
Today heritage is considered to be an important resource for society and a valuable asset for sustainable development. This notion is true from international to local/regional level. This thesis investigates the current heritage discourse in the European Union (EU) and provides a qualitative assessment of the values and potential impacts of the two case studies, conducted in the proceedings of thi
Climate migration is an emerging topic of research and policymaking in the region of Asia and the Pacific. Migration in the context of climate change is mediated by social, political, and historical factors not solely dependent on the impacts of climate change. Also, migration, including climate migration, is a socially unequal process and has differential impacts on people based on their identity
An energy transition from centralised and fossil-fuelled installations towards decentralised and renewable energy has been advocated by governments, businesses and academia. In the EU it has become a regional strategy, and a desire of citizens, to enable communities to take an active role in the energy market in the hopes of transitioning to an increasingly local, renewable and participatory futur
A search for new phenomena in events featuring a high energy jet and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 33 pb(-1) recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The number of observed events is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This result is interpret
Sixty-four adult patients operated on for isolated cleft palate were evaluated with regard to facial skeletal morphology using conventional radio-cephalometry. Dental occlusion was assessed clinically. Forty-two had had a von Langenbeck repair at the age of 7 months and 22 a Wardill repair at 18 months. The mean error of the method was 0.7 degree for angular, and 0.9 mm for linear, measurements. T
From the early 1990s and onwards the use of debt relief as a method of providing development assistance has become increasingly popular, especially since the launch of the HIPC initiative in 1996. This thesis aims to investigate the general theoretical and empirical support of the growth enhancing properties of debt relief with regard to low income countries. Focus is put on evaluating the harmful
Thailand’s food retail sector was rapidly transformed during the past decade. This change was resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of traditional retailers as well as the sales of the existing ones while the number of modern retailers and their sales accelerated progressively. However, this can be seen as the must-happened transformation process, as it was also seen in other developed
Some practices are seen as so serious and damaging to competition that they are presumed to have restrictive effects on competition. Having a category of restrictions that are forbidden benefits both companies, as it creates legal certainty, and the Commission which would not not have to go through a burdensome investigation. In recent decades, the interpretation of restriction by object has cause
Målet med denna studie är att undersöka betydelsen av det diagnostiska värdet hos en ledtråd, en så kallad “cue” framför värdet av ett kontextuellt överlapp mellan inkodning och framplockning av minnen. Ett minnestest grundat på ledtrådsbaserat igenkännande, så kallat “cued recognition”, genomfördes. Samtliga deltagare presenterades för ordpar tillsammans med kontextuella bilder i tre betingelser,The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of a diagnostic cue over the mere contextual overlap between encoding and retrieval in successful retention. A cued recognition test was conducted to investigate the power of a contextual cues diagnostic value in successful retrieval of memories. Participants were presented with word pairs together with a picture background in three different
European oceans are in a poor state – only 10% of marine habitats and 2% of marine species show favourable conservation status. This is largely attributed to an intense pressure from industrial human activities at sea. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) from 2008 is an attempt to better protect marine environments in the European Union (EU) by enforcing an Ecosystem-Based Management (E
We introduced a reporter gene system into Pichia stipitis using the gene for the artificial green fluorescent protein (GFP), variant yEGFP. This system was used to analyse hypoxia-dependent PsADH2 regulation. Reporter gene activity was only found under oxygen limitation on a fermentable carbon source. The promoter was not induced by oxygen limitation in the Crabtree-positive yeast Saccharomyces ce
OBJECTIVE: To determine what constitutes normal cervical changes during the second half of pregnancy in parous women delivering at term. DESIGN: The study comprises 21 healthy, pregnant parous women who all gave birth at term. They were examined with transvaginal ultrasound every two weeks from 24 gestational weeks until delivery. Cervical length and width were measured. The inner cervical os was
Context: The insulin tolerance test ( ITT) is the current standard diagnostic test for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency ( GHD), but alternative tests, such as the GHRH- arginine test, have been proposed. Objective: We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the GHRH- arginine test using ITT as the gold standard in diagnosing GHD in a group of young adults treated with cranial irradiati
