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The generation of mathematical models of biological processes, the simulation of these processes under different conditions, and the comparison and integration of multiple data sets are explicit goals of systems biology that require the knowledge of the absolute quantity of the system's components. To date, systematic estimates of cellular protein concentrations have been exceptionally scarce. Her
Complement is an essential part of the innate immune system, which clears pathogens without requirement for previous exposure, although it also greatly enhances the efficacy and response of the cellular and humoral immune systems. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most recently identified human herpesvirus and the likely aetiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion
Osteoporosis has been recognized as a major public health problem for less than two decades. The increasing incidence of fragility fractures, such as vertebral, hip, and wrist fractures, first became apparent from epidemiological studies in the early and mid-1980s, when effective treatment was virtually unavailable. Pharmacological therapies that effectively reduce the number of fractures by impro
The projection of primary afferents onto spinal interneurons constitutes the first step in sensorimotor transformations performed by spinal reflex systems. Despite extensive studies on spinal somatotopy, uncertainties remain concerning the extent and significance of representational overlap and relation to spinal reflex circuits. To address these issues, the cutaneous projection from the hindpaw a
To study the role of cytotoxin-associated protein (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) in Helicobacter pylori infection in an experimental murine model, mice were infected with seven strains with different cagA and vacA status. Groups of 10 NMRI mice were challenged and were killed 5 weeks later. In a second study, 20 mice were challenged with a mixture of the same seven strains and killed 1, 3
The transfer of albumin from blood to tissue has been found to be increased in caveolin-1 knock-out (KO) mice. This has been considered to reflect an increased microvascular permeability, conceivably caused by an increased endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO) in mice lacking caveolin-1. To investigate whether such an increase in endothelial NO-production would also affect the glomerular bar
Bacteria-controlled regulation of host responses to infection is an important virulence mechanism that has been demonstrated to contribute to disease progression. Here we report that the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes employs the procarboxypeptidase TAR (thrombin-activatablefibrinolysis inhibitor) to modulate the kallikrein/kinin system. To this end, bacteria initiate a chain of events star
We explore here, through three complementary experiments on virtual objects, how intimate active relations with multisensory audio-visual and haptics perceptions allow to the cognitive creation of new believable and plausible objects that can be different of the virtual ones objectively implemented. The three experiments are based on "Pebble Boxes" and consist in the exploration and the manipulati
Previous rock magnetic investigations of oceanic basement samples have been mainly restricted by single drill holes of dredge collections. In this study, we present new and published data on the rock magnetic properties of igneous rock samples recovered during seven Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) legs in the Atlantic, Pacific, and the southern Indian oceans. The recovered igneous rocks from these le
OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of quantitative measurement of minimum hip joint space with a qualitative global assessment of radiological features for estimating the prevalence of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in colon radiographs.METHODS: All colon radiographs from patients aged 35 or older, taken at three different radiographic departments in Iceland during the years 1990-96, we
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling beskriver studier av de mekanismer varmed bakterien Streptococcus pyogenes undviker komplementdeposition och fagocytos.Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes is complement dependent. However, the cell wall-associated M protein, which exists in >100 different serotypes (M types), enables the bacteria to evade phagocytosis. To analyze the mechanisms by which M protein confers this ability we used, as model systems, two representative M proteins, the M22 and M5 proteins, which have properties typical for many M prote
This paper describes how attribute grammars can be used to integrate program visualization in language-based environments and how program visualizations can be specified and generated from grammars. It is discussed how a general solution for a simple grammar can be reused in grammars for other specific languages. As an example we show how diagram generation for a very simple state transition langu
ProDaC (Proteomics Data Collection), a Coordination Action within the 6th EU framework programme, was created to support the collection, distribution and public availability of data from proteomics experiments. Within the consortium standards are created and maintained enabling an extensive data collection within the proteomics community. Important elements of ProDaC are workshops held twice a yea
This paper describes a case of collaboration between academia and business firms in supporting innovation processes based on the CILO method, named after the CILO project (communication in learning organizations). The CILO method is an example of firm-supportive research approach. We describe the outcomes related to enhancing enterprise performance from applying the CILO-method in relation to one
This paper presents the development as well as the architecture of a computer-aided dedicated fixture design system intended to support the design of lightweight (carbon fiber composite) grippers for a major truck company. Lightweight grippers were required due to the increasing production rates in the automotive industry. The current robotic equipment was facing diverse problems during transporta
Engineering design problems are most frequently charac-terized by constraints that make them hard to solve and time-consuming. When evolutionary algorithms are used to solve these problems, constraints are often handled with the generic weighted sum method or with techniques specific to the prob-lem at hand. Most commonly, all constraints are evaluated at each generation, and it is also necessary
Popular Abstract in Swedish Helicobacter pylori är en bakterie som orsakar såväl magkatarr, magsår som magsäckscancer. H. pylori producerar olika virulensfaktorer såsom enzymet ureas, ett cell vakuolbildande toxin (VacA), andra cytotoxiska proteiner (cagA eller pathogenicity island-associated proteins), flageller och adhesiner. För etablering av H. pylori infektion, måste dessa virulensfaktorer inHelicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen which cause chronic type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori produces virulence factors such as urease, vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, cag pathogenicity island-associated proteins, flagella and adhesins. These proteins interact with several host cell molecules such as sialylated cell surface glycoproteins, some of glycolipids and mucins. Glycosami
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ärftlig brist på vissa proteiner ökar risken för autoimmun sjukdom eller svår hjärnhinneinflammation I blodbanan finns ett 30-tal olika proteiner som ingår i den del av vårt immunförsvar som kallas komplementsystemet. Detta systems huvudsakliga uppgifter är att förinta oönskade inkräktare, såsom bakterier och virus, samt eliminera skadliga proteinkomplex som cirkulerarComplement deficiency is associated with an increased risk for invasive infection and immune complex disease. Screening for identification of complement-deficient patients is essential and a new ELISA-based procedure for detection of complement deficiency is described. Molecular characterization of a complete C4 deficiency and of three phenotypic forms of properdin deficiency is also reported. The
