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Every aspect of vision, from the opsin proteins to the eyes and the ways that they serve animal behavior, is incredibly diverse. It is only with an evolutionary perspective that this diversity can be understood and fully appreciated. In this review, I describe and explain the diversity at each level and try to convey an understanding of how the origin of the first opsin some 800 million years ago
European VAT and the Sharing Economy aims to understand whether the current European Value Added Tax (EU VAT) system is sufficiently equipped to deal with the ongoing transformation of the supply chain as well as the increasing digitalization of the economy ushered in by the rise of multisided digital platforms. New digital platforms such as those of the sharing economy, have dramatically expanded
The Tulving-Wiseman law is an empirical law that describes the relation between successive tests of recognition and recall of the same set of individual subject-items. It relates the probability of recognising the recallable items to the probability of recognising all the items, regardless of whether they are recalled. The relation represents a moderate degree of dependency between the tests. Two
Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Rather, they revealed that prokaryotes comprise two distinct types of organisms, the Bacteria and the Archaea. In subsequent years, molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that eukaryotes and the Archaea
The paper discusses what kind of truth bearer, or truth-ascription, a deflationist should take as primary. I first present number of arguments against a sententialist view. I then present a deflationary theory which takes propositions as primary, and try to show that it deals neatly with a wide range of linguistic data. Next, I consider both the view that there is no primary truth bearer, and the
Background: While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychological treatment for major depression (MD), non-response and lacking stability of treatment gains are persistent issues. Potential factors influencing treatment outcome might be lifetime trauma history and possibly associated primarily prefrontal-cortex- and hippocampus-dependent cognitive alterations. Method: We inve
The financial crisis started in 2007–2008, initially in the US, but its consequences have been felt throughout the global economy. However, its effects were far from uniform. While parts of Asia and Africa continued to grow fast, Europe experienced a large set back. This paper emphasizes three important factors: differences across countries in technological development; differences in capacities t
Hayek sees poverty in its absolute sense as a factual problem, which the society has an obligation to deal with. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is not a problem with which the state should be concerned. Hayek approves the use of redistribution to decrease absolute poverty. However, redistribution of income for the sake of greater material equality would necessarily imply unequal treatment of
In this paper we investigate the specific mechanisms of British financial influence in the Cape Colony during the diamond mining boom of the late nineteenth century. We do so by offering a detailed exposition of the uneasy marriage between the colonial state and private business sector in the context of the economics and dynamics of extractivism in the periphery. This allows us to encapsulate the
Pre-transitional justice activities that expose past injustices during entrenched conflicts can incite strong reactions among actors who feel threatened by or dislike such activities, and who thus attempt to silence controversial truths. This article illuminates how attempts to silence controversial truths, in parallel with shutting down debate, can also have the unintended outcome of enlarging pu
The question as to whether Jesus preached repentance has been discussed in historical Jesus research over the past twenty years, apparently without any scholarly consensus being at hand. This article seeks to eliminate some unnecessary confusion from the debate by investigating early Jewish conceptions of repentance and suggesting that a distinction should be maintained between moral and ritual re
Complement activation contributes to a pathological process in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review we summarize current knowledge of complement contribution to RA, based on clinical observations in patients and in vivo animal models, as well as on experiments in vitro aiming at elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms. There i
In this paper I argue that Small pro is not needed as a representative for null subjects in languages like Italian, Spanish, Standard Arabian etc. Instead I propose the Person Phrase hypothesis, which claims that agreement originates as the head of the subject argument. this argument is analyzed as PersP, seen as an expanded DP, [PersP Agr DP]. Agr is a bound morpheme, and thus cannot survive with
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen innehåller fyra artiklar som berör olika aspekter av offentlig omfördelning i välfärdsstaten. Avhandlingen syftar till att ge kunskap om konsekvenser av, motiv för och mätande av och denna omfördelning. Den första artikeln ställer frågan: Hög hög skatteomfördelning från arbetande till icke arbetande kan motiveras av grundantagandet att naturresurser är gemThis thesis is an attempt to generate knowledge about the justification, measurement and consequences of public redistribution. The first paper poses the following question: How much redistribution from working to non-working can be justified by arguing that external resources are owned jointly by all, or that ownership should ideally be divided equally? This question is analyzed using bargaining
The presence of various mechanisms of non-genetic inheritance is one of the main problems for current evolutionary theory according to several critics. Sufficient empirical and conceptual reasons exist to take this claim seriously, but there is little consensus on the implications of multiple inheritance systems for evolutionary processes. Here we use the Price Equation as a starting point for a d
