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Background and purpose: Anal squamous cell carcinoma is primarily treated with radiotherapy (RT), but the optimal RT dose for anal tumours of different sizes is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for local tumour control probability (LTCP). Material and methods: From a large Nordic database 901 patients who received RT for anal cancer between 2000 and 2007 were selec
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, although their origin and roles in shaping disease initiation, progression and treatment response remain unclear due to significant heterogeneity. Here, following a negative selection strategy combined with single-cell RNA sequencing of 768 transcriptomes of mesenchymal cells from a genetically engineered m
Purpose: The increase in clinical trials with androgen receptor (AR)-targeting drugs emphasizes the need of clarifying the role of AR expression in different breast cancer subtypes. AR confers good prognosis in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, but its role in ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to elaborate on previous findings of a differential pro
The blood flow in rat liver was measured with Xe-133. Three techniques for administering the activity to the liver were employed: injection via the portal vein, via the hepatic artery, and directly into the liver parenchyma. Use of intraparenchymal injection of Xe-133 gave 60% higher flow values than by portal or arterial injection techniques. Mean flow index (k1) was for portal injection 0.52, fo
Purpose: In addition to incisional hernia, inguinal hernia is a recognized complication to radical retropubic prostatectomy. To compare the risk of developing inguinal and incisional hernias after open radical prostatectomy compared to robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Method: Patients planned for prostatectomy were enrolled in the prospective, controlled LAPPRO trial between September 20
Background: Distal cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for distal cholangiocarcinoma are lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed proteins between distal cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct samples. Methods: A workflow utilizing discovery mass spectrometry and verification by parallel
Extra charges in semiconductor nanocrystals are of paramount importance for their electrically driven optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Optical excitations of such charged nanocrystals lead to rapid recombinationviaan Auger process, which can deteriorate the performance of the corresponding devices. While numerous articles report trion Auger processes in negatively charged nanocrystals
SKA Construction phase we are now in a transition phase that hopefully will prepare us for the next challenge: start building the SKA. One of the targets of this period is to evaluate the suitability of the Taranta (proper Webjive) Suite for creating engineering User Interfaces (UIs). The Taranta suite is a framework that allows the fast creation of web UIs that directly communicate with TANGO dev
This thesis aimed to examine the relationship between climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations through rapid climate changes during the Holocene. Climate was reconstructed using high-resolution, radiocarbon dated, lake sediment geochemical proxies (magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition, total carbon/nitrogen/sulphur determinations and biogenic silica), vegetational reconstruction (pollen ana
Formulering av läkemedel kräver att man tar tag i ett flertal problem för att optimera effektiviteten. All former av formuleringar har sina egna utmaningar som vetenskapsmän och företag försöker lösa. Till exempel, leverns nedbrytning av läkemedlet, det så kallade första-passage-metabolismen, minskar koncentrationen av den aktiva substansen och, i värsta fall, förändrar den till en giftig form. DeThe aim of this master thesis is to provide an indication of the suitability, or otherwise usage, of spray-drying for production of powder aimed for inhalation formulation and comparing the characteristics of the product, with and without lipids. Lipids have a proven effect of delaying release of active drug substances in the cardiovascular system and pulmonary systemic delivery has a number of ad
Arktis står inför stora förändringar i samband med rådande klimat- och miljöförändringar, där de arktiska kusterna är utsatta. Förändringar i temperatur, havsnivå, stormar och havsisens utbredning är några av de faktorer som spelar in i hur kusterna och stränderna kan förändras. Syftet med studien är att först översiktligt se vilka kustmorfologiska förändringar som sker i Arktis idag och huruvida The Arctic is facing great changes due to current climate changes, where the Arctic coasts are especially vulnerable. Changes in temperature, mean sea level, storms and sea ice extent are some of the factors that shape how the coasts and beaches can be changed. The purpose of this study is firstly to examine what changes the Arctic coasts are experiencing today and whether they can be correlated t
Denna uppsats undersöker de sedvanerättsliga reglerna om immunitet för statschefer och andra högt uppsatta statsrepresentanter. Syftet är att göra en övergripande kartläggning av reglernas innehåll som möjliggör korrekt rättstillämpning i framtiden. Genom att granska konventioner, kodifieringar, rättsfall och doktrin om ämnet, samt genom att undersöka det pågående kodifikationsarbetet, kartläggs rThis essay examines the rules of immunity for heads of state and other high-ranking state officials under international law. The aim is to create a comprehensive outline of the content of the rules, enabling a more accurate and legal-ly sound practice in the future. Through reviewing conventions, codifications, legal cases and legal doctrine on the subject, and through examining the current codi
This letter proposes a novel wideband, single-layer monopolar antenna with high selectivity and enhanced pattern stability across the operating band. Building upon a conventional circular patch antenna, the rejection levels of the upper and lower sidebands are carefully analyzed, designed, and optimized to achieve the desired performance. To further improve performance, a shorting-via-loaded ring
Hardware distortion in large intelligent surfaces (LISs) may limit their performance when scaling up such systems. It is of great importance to model the non-ideal effects in their transceivers to study the hardware distortions that can affect their performance. Therefore, we have focused on modeling and studying the effects of nonlinear RX-chains in LISs. We first derive expressions for SNDR of a
5G antennas for vehicular connectivity are often mounted on the car roof to optimize signal reception. The trend of replacing metal roof with glass in modern cars opens an opportunity for embedding the 5G antennas inside the glass roof. In this work, we compare the channel gains of reference dipole, and loop antennas positioned at the roof center. Then, by considering the requirements of glass int
The remarkable advances in AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled machines to write code, accelerating the growth of software systems. However, the bottleneck in software development is not writing code but understanding it; program understanding is the dominant activity, consuming approximately 70% of developers' time. This implies that improving existing code to make it easier to under
Introduction: Alcohol use has significant health implications, yet the association between alcohol use and respiratory symptoms remains relatively understudied. This study examines the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and its associations with breathlessness, chronic cough, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and whether these associations with chronic airway limitation (CAL) differ by a
This paper presents the exploration of GPU-accelerated block-wise decompositions for zero-forcing (ZF) based QR and Cholesky methods applied to massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink detection algorithms. Three algorithms are evaluated: ZF with block Cholesky decomposition, ZF with block QR decomposition (QRD), and minimum mean square error (MMSE) with block Cholesky decomposition. T
Carbon-14 (14C) is an important contributor to the collective effective dose to the public due to releases from nuclear power plants (NPPs). In Sweden, only airborne emissions of 14C from NPPs are currently routinely monitored, and the existing data on waterborne 14C discharges are limited. A recent study of 14C in brown algae (Fucus spp.) in Swedish coastal waters showed higher F14C values collec
