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Despite various preventive interventions, nosocomial cross-infection remains a significant challenge in healthcare facilities worldwide. Consequently, prolonged hospitalization, elevated healthcare costs, and mortality rates are major concerns. Proper ventilation has been identified as one of the possible interventions for reducing the risk of cross-infection between patients and healthcare worker

This bookThis book has become the leading source for empirical software engineering research through its earlier editions. It provides an in-depth introduction to experimentation in software engineering. The focus is on the steps to go through to conduct an experiment. It also introduces a structure for selecting a research design and an introduction to systematic literature reviews, surveys, and

Context: Continuous experimentation (CE) is used by many companies with internet-facing products to improve their business models and software solutions based on user data. Some companies deliberately adopt a systematic experiment-driven approach to software development while some companies use CE in a more ad-hoc fashion. Objective: The goal of this study is to identify factors for success in CE

This study develops a strategic framework to guide the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies across various business sectors. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines an extensive literature review with empirical investigations, including case studies and surveys with industry practitioners. The framework integrates advanced digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and im

Ground-level ozone (O3), formed via complex photochemistry involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is a critical secondary pollutant and oxidant. Therefore, understanding whether the formation of O3 is NOx- or VOC-limited is essential for effective air quality management. Recently, we demonstrated that the distribution of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) ca

The proof of the pudding lies in eating, and that is why 6G testbeds are essential in the progress toward the next generation of wireless networks. Theoretical research toward 6G wireless networks proposes advanced technologies to serve new applications and drastically improve energy performance. Testbeds are indispensable to validate these new technologies under more realistic conditions. This ar

Distributed massive MIMO systems are expected to be part of the upcoming generation of wireless systems where joint communication and positioning opens the possibility of exploring new applications. In this work we investigate one of the various ways of deploying these kinds of systems, through the concept of Large Intelligent Surfaces (LISs). Although the concept of LISs is not completely novel,

[Background] The game industry faces fierce competition and games are developed on short deadlines and tight budgets. Continuously testing and experimenting with new ideas and features is essential in validating and guiding development toward market viability and success. Such continuous experimentation (CE) requires user data, which is often limited in early development stages. This challenge is

δ3-carene is a prominent monoterpene in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, knowledge about δ3-carene oxidation pathways, particularly regarding their ability to form highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), is still limited. In this study, we present HOM measurements during δ3-carene ozonolysis under various conditions in two simula

Certainty equivalence adaptive controllers are analysed using a “data-driven Riccati equation”, corresponding to the model-free Bellman equation used in Q-learning. The equation depends quadratically on data correlation matrices. This makes it possible to derive simple sufficient conditions for stability and robustness to unmodeled dynamics in adaptive systems. The paper is concluded by short rema

The strategy of pre-training a large model on a diverse dataset, then fine-tuning for a particular application has yielded impressive results in computer vision, natural language processing, and robotic control. This strategy has vast potential in adaptive control, where it is necessary to rapidly adapt to changing conditions with limited data. Toward concretely understanding the benefit of pre-tr

Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed

The discovery of the role of α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has opened new possibilities for the development of more authentic models of Parkinson's disease. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus (LV) vectors are efficient tools for expression of genes locally in subsets of neurons in the brain and can be used to express human wild-type or mutated α-s

Aktivering av immunförsvaret dämpar den samme Kroppens immunförsvar består av en mängd olika typer av specialiserade celler, alla med sina unika egenskaper och nischer. För att immunförsvaret ska fungera så optimalt som möjligt krävs det att cellerna kan interagera och kommunisera med varandra, vilket görs med hjälp av proteiner som finns på cellernas yta. En typ av celler, som kallas CD8+ T cellAbstract 4-1BB (CD137/TNFRSF9) is a costimulatory receptor expressed by several cellular subsets of the immune system, but is commonly associated with CD8+ T cells. Stimulation of 4-1BB on CD8+ T cells with agonistic antibodies (α-4-1BB) causes a potent proliferation signal and an upregulated expression of CD11c. CD11c+CD8+ have previously been recognized to suppress other immune cells, such as F

Background: To support care after discharge following surgery for anorectal malformations (ARM) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD), an eHealth device was invented, offering families bilateral communication through chat, photo, questionaries and video. Aim: To explore the impact of eHealth on postoperative patterns of expert consultation, complications and treatment after discharge following surgery f

An optimal control problem on finite-dimensional positive cones is stated. Under a critical assumption on the cone, the corresponding Bellman equation is satisfied by a linear function, which can be computed by convex optimization. A separate theorem relates the assumption on the cone to the existence of minimal elements in certain subsets of the dual cone. Three special cases are derived as examp

Cybersecurity has in recent years emerged as a paramount concern in the design and operation of industrial systems and civil infrastructures, due mainly to their susceptibility to malicious cyber attacks which take advantage of the vulnerability of communication networks and IT devices. In this paper, we investigate such an attack and counter attack scenario by considering multiagent systems, a so

Background: Combination lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) after myocardial infarction (MI) achieves lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and better cardiovascular outcomes vs statin monotherapy. As a result, global guidelines recommend lower LDL-C but, paradoxically, advise treatment through a stepwise approach. Yet the need for combination therapy is inevitable as <20% of patients

Background Increased postoperative cardiac troponin (cTn) independently predicts short-term mortality. Previous studies suggest that preoperative cTn also predicts major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality after noncardiac surgery. The value of preoperative and perioperative changes in cTn as a prognostic tool for adverse outcomes has been sparsely investigated. Methods and findings

BACKGROUND: This aggregated population study investigated the impact of the seemingly quasi-randomly assigned school winter holiday in weeks 6-10 (February to early March) on excess mortality in 219 European regions (11 countries) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring 2020. A secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of government responses to the early inflow of infected cases. METHODS: Data