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Designs for Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are quite well advanced,but the requirements of instruments have had limited impact. Sinceprovision of a suitable environment for instruments is a critical aspectof all telescopes, we outline some well-known and some less-appreciatedchallenges of designing instruments for ELTs. A wide-field spectrometer(WFSPEC) with ~10 arcmin field-of-view, probably w
We present an estimate for the convergence rate of the Dirichlet-Neumann iteration for the discretized unsteady transmission problem. Specifically, we consider the coupling of two heat equations on two identical squared domains. The Laplacian is discretized by second order central finite differences and the implicit Euler method is used for the time discretization. For the semidiscrete case, Hensh
The goal of the paper is to present a distributed scheme to resolving a single path routing problem in multidomain networks. The global problem is formulated as a mixed-integer program (MIP) and approached by means of branch-and-price (B&P). Problems associated with a B&P tree nodes are decomposed using the Dantzig-Wolfe method to a set of domain subproblems coordinated by a single master
A pre-screening procedure with a number of candidate Human-Machine-Interaction solutions (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concept of Safe Speed and Safe Distance was carried out. Two groups of about 30 test persons participated in the two-phase test procedure. Eleven candidate visual displays for speed information and ten alternatives for distance warning as well as twelve auditory warning so
This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within-area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between-area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influen
An efficient adaptive optics (AO) simulation code was developed, which enables first-order simulations of extremely high-order systems. The Monte-Carlo-type code employs a sparse conjugate gradient algorithm for wavefront reconstruction, and a separation of spatial frequencies into two domains to economize on the number crunching. High-order multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems are there
BACKGROUND: In patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) the P-wave is prolonged as a marker of delayed atrial conduction which is associated with atrial fibrillation. The study aim was to analyse the impact of ASD closure in adults on P-wave duration and morphology by means of signal-averaged P-waves (PSA-ECG) and to investigate potential mechano-electrical interactions. METHODS: PSA-ECG was obtai
Calls for more robust societal emergency management capacities have grown shriller as the range of societal vulnerabilities widens. The development of workable plans is recognised as one means to increase capacity. However, scepticism persists that plans serve any significant function in guiding organisational emergency management. Plans nevertheless remain a de facto requirement for most organisa
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between investments in the Chinese stock market and shocks to the macroeconomic climate in the U.S. and in the EU. Four different indices are used in determining the investment response to shocks in the two different geographical regions of interest – The Shanghai Composite Index, CSI 300 Information Technology Index, CSI 300 Materials Index
After 9/11, the US had a military presence in Afghanistan for 20 years between 2001 and 2021. However, in 2021 this military presence was terminated amid surging unrest in Afghanistan and the Taliban reclaiming power. This means that the US political administrations have had to explain to Americans why the military presence was necessary and then why it was not necessary anymore. Therefore, this t
This master's thesis explores how organisations manage and measure performance through performance measurement systems. Though as performance management systems often relies on ad-hoc, informal methods, leading to inconsistencies and misalignment with organizational objectives. This study advocates for a systematic approach to performance management system implementation, aligning it with orga
Detta examensarbete är en fallstudie av Tumaini Open School för gravida studenter och studerande mödrar i Tabora, Tanzania. Genom den ideella organisationen Ingenjörer utan gränser Sverige genomförde författarna en Minor Field Study i Tanzania för att fastställa efterfrågade eltjänster, det resulterande elbehovet och den maximala dagliga effektkurvan för skolan vid fullskalig verksamhet. Vidare prThis master thesis is a case study of Tumaini Open School for pregnant and mothering students located in Tabora, Tanzania. Through the volunteer organisation Engineers Without Borders Sweden, the authors conducted a Minor Field Study to Tanzania in order to determine the requested electricity services, resulting electricity demand and maximum daily load profile for the school at full-scale operati
Ground level ozone [ozone] is considered a harmful air pollutant but there is a knowledge gap regarding its long term health effects. The main aim of this study is to develop local Land Use Regression [LUR] models that can be used to study long term health effects of ozone. The specific aim is to develop spatial LUR models for two Swedish cities, Umea and Malmo, as well as a temporal model for Mal
Motivated by growing considerations of the scale, severity, and risks associated with human exposure to indoor particulate matter, this work reviewed existing literature to: (i) identify state-of-the-art experimental techniques used for personal exposure assessment; (ii) compare exposure levels reported for domestic/school settings in different countries (excluding exposure to environmental tobacc
In high throughput applications, such as in multimedia, it is preferable to fully utilize computing resources, even at the price of some (bounded) delay. However, in real-time systems, where the maximum admissible delay is modeled by a deadline, most of the theory is developed with the assumption of a task deadline smaller than or equal to the task period. The reason of this limitation is in the i
After the breakup of the Soviet Union Estonian economy found itself cut off from its main markets and production links. One major barrier in the economic transformation and diversification process that followed was the lack of necessary tacit productive knowledge in the country. Furthermore, local firms had no or only weak links to the global production and knowledge networks that function as impo
At the Children’s Heart Center of Skåne University Hospital (BUS) there is an ongoing project with live recordings of open heart surgeries. These recordings will be used for educational purposes, for planning of future surgeries, as well as for evaluating the surgical procedures. Currently, the recordings are made using two cameras that are positioned above the operating table on a temporary mount
