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BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. In clinical trials, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53013 (LGG) has been used to treat diarrhea. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children. METHODS The EMBASE,

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor knockout (KO) mice are tools for studying GIP physiology. Previous results have demonstrated that these mice have impaired insulin response to oral glucose. In this study, we examined the insulin response to intravenous glucose by measuring glucose, insulin and C-peptide after intravenous glucose (0.35 g/kg) in 5-h fasted female GIP recep

The pathophysiology of progressive multiple sclerosis remains elusive, significantly limiting available disease-modifying therapies. Proton MRS (1 H-MRS) enables in vivo measurement of small molecules implicated in multiple sclerosis, but its application to key metabolites glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutathione has been sparse. We employed, at 7 T, a previously validated 1 H-MRS pr

Vaccination is the most cost-effective way of preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) although there was a considerable delay in its institution in Tanzania. This study assessed health care workers' (HCWs) self-perceived infection risk and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. A concurrent embedded, mixed methods design was utilized to collect data among HCWs in seven Tanzanian regions. Quantitative

PURPOSE: Breast cancer screening is predominantly performed using digital mammography (DM), but digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has higher sensitivity. DBT demands more resources than DM, and it might be more feasible to reserve DBT for women with a clear benefit from the technique. We explore if artificial intelligence (AI) can select women who would benefit from DBT imaging.APPROACH: We used

The steel industry is a major contributor to emissions of CO2 and key air pollutants. Reducing air pollution has since long been a policy priority in China. Reducing CO2 emissions has more recently also become a key priority partially manifested through the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015. Although there are often synergies between reducing CO2 emissions and air pollution, it may have impli

Objective To assess patient's self-reported global assessment of health (PGA) in relation to inflammation, pain and disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Data were obtained from the Better Anti-Rheumatic PharmacOTherapy early RA cohort, in which patients were scheduled for follow-up of 15 years. Longitudinal PGA trajectories were identified using hierarchical agglomerative

INTRODUCTION: Low birth weight is an important measure of the health of pregnant women and newborns. We investigated the prevalence of low birth weights in India over nearly three decades to assess trends and convergence across states.METHODS: Data came from five waves of the National Family Health Survey (1992-93 to 2019-21). The prevalence of low birth weight was estimated. To explore the sensit

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant personal and societal burden of tic disorders (TDs), treatment outcomes remain modest, necessitating a deeper understanding of their etiology. Family history is the biggest known risk factor, and identifying risk genes could accelerate progress in the field.METHODS: Expanding upon previous sample size limitations, we added 4800 new TD cases and 971,560 controls

Background In congenital aortic stenosis (CAS), commissurotomy is an option in patients not suitable to receive a valve prosthesis. However, there is often a need for future additional interventions on the aortic valve. The fate of the aortic valve is, however, essentially unknown. This study reports the need for reinterventions after surgical commissurotomy, based on a national register. Material

Objective: To evaluate if postnatal treatment with betamethasone in extremely preterm infants was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 6.5 years of age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (gestational age <27 weeks, born 2004-2007). Patients: 428 children born extremely preterm were assessed at 6.5 years of age, 115 treated with b

BACKGROUND: The first 35 years of pediatric heart transplantation (pHTx) in Sweden were investigated to determine outcomes following listing and transplantation, investigate sub-populations of recipients, and describe the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in a contemporary cohort.METHODS: Swedish children < 18 years, listed from 1/1/1989 to 31/12/2023, were included. The cohort was split

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adhering to the EAT-Lancet diet has been observed to be associated with lower risks of various morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the association of adhering to the EAT-Lancet diet with incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identify plasma proteins mediating such association.METHODS: This prospective study involved 202 340 participants free of COP

Background: Racial differences in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) genomes have not yet been fully studied. We aimed to investigate transcriptomic, mutational, and clinical differences by race in a large multi-institutional cohort of men with mCRPC. Methods: Genomic and clinicopathologic data from four mCRPC tumor biopsy cohorts were obtained and aggregated. Gene set enrichm

Aim: Surgery for colorectal cancer is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to analyse whether postoperative complications following radical resection for colorectal cancer are associated with increased recurrence rate and impaired survival. Method: Patients operated for colon cancer between 2007 and 2009 with curative intent were identified thr

Background: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) undergoing surgery are often subjected to red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Both anemia and RBC transfusion are associated with increased morbidity. The aim was to evaluate patient recovery after the implementation of patient blood management (PBM) strategies.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 354 patients with AOC undergoing

The Sjuøyane archipelago is the northernmost land area of Svalbard; thus, it provides a window to study the terrestrial glacial history and dynamics of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet and complement marine geological studies in the region. To reconstruct the glacial history of Sjuøyane, we describe coastal sedimentary sections in Quaternary sediments and constrain their chronology by radiocarbo

Hydrogen in a hexapole collision cell is used with varying success in multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to reduce the plasma derived interferences 40Ar16O+ and 40Ar16OH+ that are isobaric with 56Fe+ and 57Fe+ respectively. The reactions of ArO+ and ArOH+ with H2 in the hexapole of a multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer were studied practically and