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In order to tap the energy saving and climate mitigation potential of the building sector, transaction costs of implementing energy efficient technologies need to be better understood and ultimately reduced. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the nature and scale of transaction costs resulting from the application of the passive house concept in energy efficient renovations. Re

To illustrate the importance of biomechanical impact on tissue health within the central nervous system (CNS), we herein describe an in vitro model of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in which disruption and restoration of physical tissue support can be studied in isolation.

BACKGROUND: The extent of site and tissue-associated immune privilege is of great interest in transplantation experiments involving the CNS. In the present paper we have explored neuroretinal immune privilege by transplantation to a non-immune privileged site. METHODS: Fetal and adult full-thickness rabbit neuroretinal grafts were placed in the subconjunctival space of immunocompetent rabbit hosts

Groundwater stored in alluvial fan aquifers represents a key water resource in semi-arid mountainous regions, yet groundwater recharge mechanisms and flow dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly in data-scarce regions experiencing increasing water demand and anthropogenic pressure. This study investigates groundwater recharge processes and flow patterns in three adjacent watersheds of the

To achieve high thermal efficiencies, 30 percent and higher, for small gas turbines a recuperator is mandatory. As the recuperator represents 25–30 percent of the overall machine cost, efforts are now being focused on establishing new low-cost recuperator concepts for gas turbine engines. In this paper the cross corrugated (CC), also called chevron pattern, heat transfer surface is reviewed to ass

On-going research aims at answering the question, which satiety signal is the most potent or which combination of satiety signals is the most potent to stop eating. There is also an aim at finding certain food items or food additives that could be used to specifically reduce food intake therapeutically. Therapeutic attempts to normalize body weight and glycaemia with single agents alone have gener

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining, a marker of reductants which may be induced by free radicals such as superoxide, and catalase activity, as an indirect measure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, were studied in the rat retina in three conditions kno

At present, when economy and environment receive high priority, the ideal anaesthesia system with inhalation anaesthetics is a closed circle system in which only the gases which the patient consumes or produces are replaced or eliminated. Low-flow (LF) anaesthesia in which the fresh gas flow which is employed in a closed system, provides a stable system compares with closed anaesthesia systems. Co

Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) is an artificial electron acceptor which has been suggested to be a useful tool in studies of free radicals. To establish whether NBT could be useful in morphological demonstration of free radicals in the retina, the staining pattern was examined in normal rat retina and after incubation with the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase or with inhibitors of free ra