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Concerns about the environmental effects of the ‘throwaway society’ are increasingly influencing policy-making and regulatory action in the EU. The Seventh Environment Action Programme, which aims to guide European environmental policy, sets out a long-term vision for the EU that requires a major shift in the way economic activities are conducted: In 2050, we live well, within the planet’s ecologi
Aims: Most benign bladder pathologies are associated with an increase of extracellular matrix (ECM—fibrosis) and may progress from formation of stiffer matrix to a more compliant structure. The aims were to summarize current knowledge of the origins of bladder fibrosis and consequences in bladder function. Methods: A meeting at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society 2017 c
In recent decades, better data and methods have become available for understanding the complex functioning of cities and their impacts on sustainability. This review synthesizes the recent developments in concepts and methods being used to measure the impacts of cities on environmental sustainability. It differentiates between a dominant trend in research literature that concentrates on the accoun
1. IntroductionBoth the development of nowadays membrane technology and nutritive sweeteners started in the middle of the 20th century. The development of the asymmetric membranes using phase inversion was pioneered by Loeb and Sourirajan in the 1960-ies, while the discovery of glucose isomerase was a milestone in the commercialisation of high fructose corn syrup in the beginning of the 1970-ies.
Air quality data assimilation aims to find a best estimate of the control parameters (see theory chapter) for those processes of the atmosphere which govern the chemical evolution of biologically relevant height levels, typically located in the the lowermost atmosphere. As in data assimilation (see theory chapters), we have to resort to numerical models to complement usually sparse observation net
Fluctuation relations are powerful equalities that hold far from equilibrium. However, the standard approach to include measurement and feedback schemes may become inapplicable in certain situations, including continuous measurements, precise measurements of continuous variables, and feedback induced irreversibility. Here we overcome these shortcomings by providing a recipe for producing detailed
Recently the lifetime of the excited 3d94s22D3/2 in Ni- was measured to be 15.1±0.4 s [Phys. Rev. A 93, 012512 (2016)2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.93.012512]. This deviates from results from nonrelativistic, within the LS-approximation, calculations for this forbidden magnetic-dipole transition of 18.88 s [J. Phys. B 50, 025001 (2017)JPAPEH0953-407510.1088/1361-6455/50/2/025001]. We here present elabo
Coreference resolution is the identification of phrases that refer to the same entity in a text. Current techniques to solve coreferences use machine-learning algorithms, which require large annotated data sets. Such annotated Resources are no tavailable for most languages today. In this paper, we describe a method for solving coreferences for Swedish and German using distant supervision that does
In this article, we experimentally demonstrate a way of controlling the group velocity of an optical pulse by using a combination of spectral hole burning, the slow-light effect, and the linear Stark effect in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. The group velocity can be changed continuously by a factor of 20 without significant pulse distortion or absorption of the pulse energy. With a similar techni
Industrial robots typically require very structured and predictable working environments, and explicit programming, in order to perform well. Therefore, expensive and time-consuming engineering work is a major obstruction when mediating tasks to robots. This thesis presents methods that decrease the amount of engineering work required for robot programming, and increase the ability of robots to ha
The small-disturbance electro-mechanical dynamics of a power system can be translated to an equivalent circuit model with inductances and capacitances. Damping control of active power in proportion to local frequency as with a VSC-HVDC link or an energy storage then corresponds to introducing a resistor in the circuit model. This letter shows that impedance matching can be used to select resistor
Methods for simple and fast detection and differentiation of bacterial species are required, for instance, in medicine, water quality monitoring, and the food industry. Here, we have developed a novel label array method for the counting and differentiation of bacterial species. This method is based on the nonspecific interactions of multiple unstable lanthanide chelates and selected chemicals with
Desulfurization at medium temperature was investigated with focus on impacts of temperature and CO2 concentration under Oxyfuel firing and Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC) conditions. Investigation started with thermodynamic analysis and ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA). Tests were then conducted by a bench-scale fixed-bed type reactor, using a synthetic gas mixture. Various parameters were evalua
Under appropriate conditions, neural tissues transplanted into the adult mammalian brain can survive, integrate, and function so as to influence the behavior of the host, opening the prospect of repairing neuronal damage, and alleviating symptoms associated with neuronal injury or neurodegenerative disease. Alternative mechanisms of action have been postulated: nonspecific effects of surgery; neur
• Transforming present production and consumption systems towards Circular Economy will require that new models for value provision are devised by companies and accepted by consumers• Numerous factors drive companies towards initiating the shift to more circular material flows• Businesses also face many barriers on their way towards circular business models• There is opportunity space to collectiv
This dissertation deals with design and characterization of functional structures for scattering of electromagnetic waves. An abundance of these structures can be found in nature, such as the structural coloration in the feathers of a peacock, the scales of butterflies and the shell of scarab beetles. Human design of structures providing specific interactions with electromagnetic waves have a long
Disease-modifying treatments remain an unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease (PD). Such treatments can be operationally defined as interventions that slow down the clinical evolution to advanced disease milestones. A treatment may achieve this outcome by either inhibiting primary neurodegenerative events ("neuroprotection") or boosting compensatory and regenerative mechanisms in the brain ("ne
