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Ketamine is a common anesthetic used in human and veterinary medicine. This drug has recently received increased medical and scientific attention due to its indications for neurological diseases. Despite being applied for decades, ketamine’s entire metabolism and pharmacological profile have not been elucidated yet. Therefore, insights into the metabolism and brain distribution are important towar
Mixed-effects models are used to describe the inter-patient variability in drugs. Modeling of these variabilities include both fixed and random effects. Fixed effects relate covariates such as age and weight to compartment volumes and clearances, whereas random effects account for unexplained variability. Traditionally, the development of fixed effects models is an inefficient process where covari
Nudging, i.e. the framing of decision environments to exploit known behavioral biases in order to induce certain outcomes, has received considerable attention as a potential policy tool in recent years. Motivated as preserving freedom of choice while making people better off according to their own judgment, nudging seemingly comes at fairly little responsibility for the nudger, i.e. policy makers,
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly applied in forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The presence of stutter artefacts and other PCR or sequencing errors in the MPS-STR data partly limits the detection of low DNA amounts, e.g., in complex mixtures. Unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) have been applied in several scientific fields to reduce noise in sequencing. UMIs consist o
Aim: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can compromise the functionality of the skin barrier through various mechanisms. We hypothesize that UVB induce photochemical alterations in the components of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum (SC), and modulate its antioxidative defense mechanisms. Catalase is a well-known antioxidative enzyme found in the SC where it acts to scavenge
The presence of amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Some amyloidogenic proteins, such as α-synuclein and amyloid β, interact with lipids, and this interaction can strongly favour the formation of amyloid fibrils. In particular the primary nucleation step, i.e. the de novo formation of amyloid fibrils, has been shown to be accelerated by lipids. However, the exact m
Identifying with and caring for people all over the world (i.e., a global identity) is positively related to pro-environmental behaviour. However, less is known how to foster such a global identity. Drawing on social identity theory, we investigated whether using inclusive (vs. exclusive) language in the context of demonstrations for climate protection increases people’s global identity. Moreover,
Accumulating evidence demonstrating higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (αSyn) levels and αSyn pathology in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suggests that αSyn is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. To investigate whether αSyn could be related to specific aspects of the pathophysiology present in both sporadic and familial disease, we quantified CSF levels of αSyn and as
Popular Abstract in Swedish En magnetkamera kan med hjälp av diffusionsviktad bildtagning användas för att avbilda hjärnans nervsystem. Denna teknik kan utnyttjas för studier av hur hjärnans delar är sammankopplade, men även för att indirekt mäta egenskaper hos hjärnans mikrostruktur. Detta avhandlingsarbete vidareutvecklar de biofysikaliska modeller och mätmetoder som används för denna indirekta Diffusion MRI is widely used to study brain structure in vivo. While this technique is often applied to investigations of brain connectivity, it can also be used to infer specific information about the tissue microstructure; for example, to estimate the axon diameter. In the present work, the role of tissue microstructure and water exchange in biophysical models employed in diffusion MRI was inves
Higher plants and algae use oxygenic photosynthesis to convert solar energy to reducing equivalents and chemical energy. The ultimate electron donor to oxygenic photosynthesis is water. Oxidation of water to oxygen occurs in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II (PSII). The OEC is composed of four Mn atoms, Ca2+ and Cl-. The OEC cycles through five states (S0 - S4) during oxidation o
Popular Abstract in Swedish Njurens funktion är avgörande för att reglera extracellulärvätskans volym och sammansättning. Varje människonjure består av ca en miljon nefron, vilka utgör den minsta funktionella enheten. Via den afferenta arteriolen når blodet ett kapillärnät i nefronet. På grund av ett högt tryck i kapillärnätet filtreras vätska ut och samlas upp i en rund struktur, Bowman´s kapsel,Studies were performed to investigate the influence of the vasoconstrictors angiotensin II (AII) and norepinephrine (NE) on calcium metabolism in smooth muscle cells of afferent arterioles. Fura-2 and image analysis techniques were used to evaluate calcium responses in the proximal and distal parts of afferent arterioles with attached glomeruli. AII and NE increase intracellular calcium concentrat
This chapter addressses the transformations within journalism that are engendered by the new digital technology. The basic claim is that in these circumstances journalists need to think about not only how to adapt the technology to their established ways of working, but also explore what new forms of professional practices can emerge. In particular the theme of interaction, invarious forms, with t
The period from 1910 to 1930 was a time when a number of theoretical systems saw the light of the day in Central Europe: psychoanalysis, neopositivism, phenomenology, the Warsaw School of logic, Gestalt-psychology and the structuralism of the Prague School of Linguistics. The Prague School arose in the liberal-minded Prague of the 1920s and came to have an enormous influence on multiple fields wit
