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Language exposure and use (LEU) are widely viewed as key factors in multilingual development, and research highlights the importance of considering not just the frequency and quantity of LEU, but also contextual factors such as when and where a language is used, with whom and why. In this study, we illustrate the complexity of LEU in two contexts (study abroad and migration) by applying sequential
Older adults with intellectual disabilities are not adequately prepared for ageing and show anxiety and uncertainty regarding the future. Therefore, the two-year educational intervention "Good Life in Old Age" was implemented to improve their understanding of ageing and enhance their well-being. This study aimed to explore the meaning of ageing during and after the intervention from the perspectiv
In this paper, we provide the following simple equivalent condition for a nonsymmetric Algebraic Riccati Equation to admit a stabilizing cone-preserving solution: an associated coefficient matrix must be stable. The result holds under the assumption that said matrix be cross-positive on a proper cone, and it both extends and completes a corresponding sufficient condition for nonnegative matrices i
Research efforts to push the integration density of circuits with technologies that transcend Moore's law have gained significant attention in recent years. This study investigates the silicon area gains of Sequential 3D technology, utilizing the third dimension of integrated circuits by accommodating nMOS and pMOS transistors in two stacked tiers with high-density and low-pitch 3D vias. The effic
Use of static program analysis tools can be highly beneficial in software development, but usage is hindered by usability issues. One method to better understand these issues is to gather user feedback, but it is challenging to get developers to invest effort in giving user feedback.In this paper, we investigate whether gamification can increase user engagement in feedback collection on static ana
Episodic memory allows the flexible retrieval of commonalities and idiosyncrasies of overlapping life events. For example, seeing a woman in the city with your colleague's daughter may form an integrated memory representation involving the woman and your colleague. However, you may also keep a specific representation of the city event to talk with your colleague about the circumstances of having m
Network coherence generally refers to the emergence of simple aggregated dynamical behaviors, despite heterogeneity in the dynamics of the subsystems that constitute the network. In this paper, we develop a general frequency domain framework to analyze and quantify the level of network coherence that a system exhibits by relating coherence with a low-rank property of the system's input–output resp
Based on the DCV-C60 system of fullerene acceptor organic solar cell active materials, the charge transfer process of D-A type molecular materials under the action of an external electric field (Fext) was explored. Within the range of electric field application, the excited state characteristics exhibit certain regular changes. Based on reducing the excitation energy, the excitation mode shows a t
We present an explicit solution to the discrete-time Bellman equation for minimax optimal control of positive systems under unconstrained disturbances. The primary contribution of our result relies on deducing a bound for the disturbance penalty, which characterizes the existence of a finite solution to the problem class. Moreover, this constraint on the disturbance penalty reveals that, in scenar
Contextual shifts are crucial for episodic memory, setting event boundaries during event segmentation. While lab research provides insights, it often lacks the complexity of real-world experiences. We addressed this gap by examining perceptual and conceptual boundaries using virtual reality (VR). Participants acted as salespeople, interacting with customers in a VR environment. Spatial boundaries
Scholars have identified challenges to protecting individuals from discrimination in contexts where organisations deploy artificial intelligence decision-making processes. While scholarship on 'digital discrimination' is growing, scholars have paid less attention to the impact of the use of artificial intelligence decision-making processes on persons with disabilities. This article posits that whi
The automotive domain is becoming increasingly complex through the integration of new technologies. As a result, cybersecurity is recognized as a pressing issue. This study focuses on the ISO/SAE 21434:2021 standard for road vehicles cybersecurity engineering, evaluating the effectiveness of the standard’s risk assessment approach. The standard suggests a set of assessment steps, and previous rese
The problem of substructure characteristic modes is developed using a scattering matrix-based formulation, generalizing subregion characteristic mode decomposition to arbitrary computational tools. It is shown that the modes of the scattering formulation are identical to the modes of the classical formulation based on the background Green’s function for lossless systems under conditions where both
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines Vision Language Models (VLMs) and Behavior Trees (BTs) to address failures in robotics. Current robotic systems can handle known failures with pre-existing recovery strategies, but they are often ill-equipped to manage unknown failures or anomalies. We introduce VLMs as a monitoring tool to detect and identify failures during task execution. Addi
Conventional Quality of Service(QoS) measurements are incapable to meet the demand for analysing communication performance on timeliness of information in Industrial Control Networks with many connected subsystems. The Age of Information (AoI) and the Age of Actuation (AoA) give a promise to be a solution. Many recent research articles cover theoretical aspects and analyse performance characterist
The semiconductor industry is pivotal to Europe's economy, especially within the industrial and automotive sectors. However, Europe faces a significant shortfall in chip design capabilities, marked by a severe skilled labor shortage and lagging contributions in the design value chain segment. This paper explores the role of European universities and academic initiatives in enhancing chip design ed
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic cardiomyopathy variant carriers in a multiancestry US population and examine the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included multiancestry US adults aged ≥18 years with sequencing data from the All of Us Research Program. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in cardiomy
Eye movements do more than gather visual input – they actively contribute to the formation and retrieval of relational memories by linking information across space and time. During retrieval, gaze patterns often reflect memory reactivation well before an explicit response is made, a phenomenon known as the relational eye-movement effect. While this effect appears closely associated with hippocampa
Eye movements originally made during memory formation are often spontaneously reproduced during retrieval, even in the absence of visual input, directing gaze back to the locations where goal-relevant episodic information was previously encountered. This behavior, known as gaze reinstatement, is thought to support the reactivation of episodic content associated with those locations (e.g., Johansso
The Middle Darriwilian Isotopic Carbon Excursion (MDICE) is one of the globally recognized positive excursions in carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, but mainly documented by δ13Ccarb data in previous research. In this paper, new stable organic carbon isotope data (δ13Corg) are presented from the Hule-1 core from the southern Anhui Province of southern China. The core constitutes an Ordovician silic
