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One of the major open problems in complexity theory is proving super-logarithmiclower bounds on the depth of circuits (i.e., P⊈NC1). Karchmer et al. (Comput Complex 5(3/4):191–204, 1995) suggested to approach thisproblem by proving that depth complexity behaves “as expected”with respect to the composition of functions f◊g. They showedthat the validity of this conjecture would imply that P⊈NC1.Seve
Streaming applications, such as MPEG video encoders or sensor processing pipelines, are increasing in complexity as well as the diversity of platforms that they run on. The toolchains handling these applications must keep up with this increase at all levels of abstraction. The Actor Machine (AM) is an intermediate representation in the toolchain that we make use of. Large AMs are difficult to work
Amid growing concerns about hardware security, comprehensive security testing has become essential for chip certification. This paper proposes a deep-testing method for identifying Trojans of particular concern to middle-to-high-end users, with a focus on illegal instructions. A hidden instruction Trojan can employ a low-probability sequence of normal instructions as a boot sequence, which is foll
With the emergence of autonomous vehicles comes requirements on adequate and rigorous testing techniques, particularly as systems continuously adapt to changing environments. Scenario-based, simulated testing is one approach that has received attention, where deriving relevant scenarios from various sources is still a challenge. We therefore explore creating executable test scenarios from textual
Proof logging in constraint programming is an approach to certifying a conclusion reached by a solver. To allow for this, different propagators must be augmented to produce justifications for any inferences they make, so that an independent proof checker can certify correctness. The Circuit constraint is used to enforce a Hamiltonian cycle on a set of vertices, e.g. for vehicle routing. Maintainin
It is well known that reformulating the original problem can be crucial for the performance of mixed-integer programming (MIP) solvers. To ensure correctness, all transformations must preserve the feasibility status and optimal value of the problem, but there is currently no established methodology to express and verify the equivalence of two mixed-integer programs. In this work, we take a first s
Building on the progress in Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving over the last decades, maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) has become a viable approach for solving NP-hard optimization problems. However, ensuring correctness of MaxSAT solvers has remained a considerable concern. For SAT, this is largely a solved problem thanks to the use of proof logging, meaning that solvers emit machine-verifiable
Proof logging has long been the established method to certify correctness of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers, but has only recently been introduced for SAT-based optimization (MaxSAT). The focus of this paper is solution-improving search (SIS), in which a SAT solver is iteratively queried for increasingly better solutions until an optimal one is found. A challenging aspect of modern SIS solv
Pseudo-Boolean proof logging has been used successfully to provide certificates of optimality from a variety of constraint- and satisifability-style solvers that combine reasoning with a backtracking or clause-learning search. Another paradigm, occurring in dynamic programming and decision diagram solving, instead reasons about partial states and possible transitions between them. We describe a fr
Background: Patients have an estimated mortality of 15–20% within the first year following myocardial infarction and one in four patients who survive myocardial infarction will develop heart failure, severely reducing quality of life and increasing the risk of long-term mortality. We aimed to establish the accuracy of an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm in predicting 1-year mortality and
Drug-induced dyskinesias in dopamine-denervated animals are known to depend on both pre- and postsynaptic changes of the nigrostriatal circuitry. In lesion models used thus far, changes occur in both of these compartments and, therefore, it has not been possible to dissect the individual contribution of each compartment in the pathophysiology of dyskinesias. Here we silenced the nigrostriatal dopa
Training studies in children have suggested that endurance training can give enlargement of cardiac dimensions. This relationship has not been studied on a population-based level in young children with objective methods. A cross-sectional study was made of 248 children (140 boys and 108 girls), aged 8-11 years, from a population-based cohort. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left
Reliability is becoming increasingly important for many applications envisioned for future wireless systems. A technology that could improve reliability in these systems is massive MIMO (Multiple- Input Multiple-Output). One reason for this is a phenomenon called channel hardening, which means that as the number of antennas in the system increases, the variations of channel gain decrease in both t
In this paper we propose a shared regression network to jointly estimate the pose of multiple objects, replacing multiple object-specific solutions. We demonstrate that this shared network can outperform other similar approaches that rely on multiple object-specific models by evaluating it on the TLESS dataset using the VSD (Visible Surface Discrepancy). Our approach offers a less complex solution
This work presents the systematic design and optimization of a compact quad-element MIMO antenna system in a roof cavity for the expected channel behavior at a 700 MHz LTE band. Beginning with a standard low-profile antenna element, the desired radiation pattern is synthesized by structural modification. The configuration for a quad-element design is then optimized. The results show that the propo
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate brain activity into digital commands for interaction with the physical world. The technology has great potential in several applied areas, ranging from medical applications to entertainment industry, and creates new conditions for basic research in cognitive neuroscience. The BCIs of today, however, offer only crude online classification of the user's cur
Introduction Knee muscles are commonly labeled as flexors or extensors and aptly stabilize the knee against sagittal plane loads. However, how these muscles stabilize the knee against adduction-abduction and rotational loads remains unclear. Our study sought 1) to classify muscle roles as they relate to joint stability by quantifying the relationship between individual muscle activation patterns a
With the rapid advancement of autonomous vehicle technology, integrating mixed autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles that are not cooperative in vehicular network has become a significant challenge. This paper presents an innovative Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) system designed to optimize traffic flow and enhance intersection safety in such mixed traffic scenarios. By utilizing vehicl
