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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Europeiska Unionens (EU) lagstiftning avseende saluföring av utsäde av köksväxter påverkar mångfalden av växtgenetiska resurser samt att utreda potentiella förbättringsförslag till den nuvarande lagstiftningen. EU:s utsädeslagstiftning består främst av direktiv 2002/55 som anger att enbart certifierat utsäde från registrerade sorter får saluföras i EU The main purpose of this essay is to investigate how the European Union’s (EU) vegetable seed marketing legislation affects the diversity of plant genetic resources and to examine possible improvement to further this diversity. The EU seed legislation consists of directive 2002/551 which provides that only certified seeds from registered varieties may be sold in the EU, and of directive 2009/1452.

I samband med att vi människor bor allt tätare och träffas allt oftare, ökar tyvärr även spridningen av virus. Det som tidigare i historien var en epidemi, blir nu snabbt en pandemi (t.ex. coronapandemin med start 2020). Mot denna bakgrund står det klart att vårt immunförsvar spelar en avgörande roll för vår hälsa och i sin tur samhällets funktion. Vår bästa metod är som bekant att träna upp vårt Interactions between T-cells and other body cells is an essential part of the immune system. It involves the binding between surface receptors of the two cells. Specifically, T-cell receptors (TCRs) bind onto pMHC (peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex) molecules on the partnering cell surface. This way, a cell signal from the TCR to the nucleus can be initiated. Depending on the "m

The aim of this study is to extend the traffic safety assessment concept to also include normal road user behaviour, thus not only exceptional behaviours such as accidents and serious conflicts. The goal is to provide a framework for a more thorough description and analysis of safety related road user behaviour in order to better understand the traffic safety processes. The traffic safety process

Defining, prioritizing, and selecting requirements are problems of tremendous importance. In this paper, a new approach called Quantitative WinWin for decision support in requirements negotiation is studied. The difference to Boehm's WinWin groupware-based negotiation support is the inclusion of quantitative methods as a backbone for better and more objective decisions. Like Boehm's original WinWi

The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the understanding of the growth of this global data-driven market ecology, mainly in order to pinpoint important regulatory challenges, where individual choice and agency, as well as competition, seem undermined. Truly, this development holds many promises for new innovation, some more disruptive than others, but also poses challenges that in this

Evolutionsteorin förklarar hur djur och andra organismer förändras över tid. I dess historia beskrivs hur vi alla kommer från samma ursprung, från enkla organismer som uppstod för miljontals år sedan, till den otroliga mångfald och komplexitet som vi ser i naturen idag, inklusive oss människor. Vi människor härstammar allesammans från en aplik förfader som vi delar med schimpanser, och längre till

The aim of this report is to establishing whether or not the institutional structures and norms there are embedded in the Commission constrain the commissioners and influences the commissioners in a certain direction when is come to a CAP reform. Here I will use normative- and rational choice institutionalisms to identify to what extent the commissioners are influenced by institutional structures

Denna uppsats beskriver lagstiftningen angående marknadsdefinition, framförallt av koncentrationer unionsdimension. Slutsatserna appliceras sen till en analys av plattvärmeväxlarindustrin (PHE) för att producera ett exempel på hur en sådan argumentation kan föras. Följaktligen presenteras bakgrundsinformation om plattvärmeväxlarindustrin i kapitel 2. Där presenteras även två separata teknologier (An essay describing the legal regime governing market definition, particularly concerning concentration cases having a Union dimension. The author high-lights difficulties under the current legal regime, consisting mainly of the EU Commission’s Relevant Market Notice and case law. It is concluded that though this gives some guidance, case-law as well as doctrine indicates that parties will be able

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Graviditetsdiabetes (GDM) definieras som ett diabetestillstånd som upptäcks under graviditet. Ofta orsakas detta tillstånd av de hormonförändringar som uppträder under graviditet vilka medför en ökad insulinresistens, dvs. ett ökat motstånd mot insulinets effekter. Diagnosen GDM utesluter dock inte diabetes av annan orsak soThe aims of this work were to determine the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a prospective study 5 years postpartum; to characterize these women according to insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, autoimmunity and genetics; and to identify possible markers and predictors for the development of manifest diabetes. The subjects were recruited

6 x Saudek. Aspects of an Artist’s Work is about the Czech photographer Jan Saudek (b. 1935) and his pictures. The thesis deals with Saudek’s photography from the 1960s up to and including the 1990s and comprises six relatively self-contained chapters. Each chap-ter takes up a specific range of problems: they deal with issues concerning connections between photography and theatre (chapter 1); issu

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste åren har det svenska samhället förändrats när det gäller dess förhållande till religion och till Svenska kyrkan. Från att ha varit en statskyrka fram till år 2000 och därmed tidigare tillhört enhetskulturen och varit en majoritets kyrka, är Svenska kyrka idag en kyrka som är fri från staten och verkar i ett mångkulturellt samhälle där många olika kulturThe tradition for teenagers to participate in confirmation groups and be confirmed was formerly very strong in Sweden. Up to the 1970s, approximately 80-90 % of all young Swedes were confirmed. But in 2007, these courses were only attended by 37 %, according to the latest Church of Sweden statistics (Svenska kyrkan 2007a). The Aim of the thesis is: Using a Bildung perspective, the aim of the prese

Question: What is the interrater agreement of EEG interpretation in adult comatose post cardiac arrest patients using the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) standardized critical care EEG terminology? Methods: The EEG-data were obtained from patients included in the Target Temperature Management trial (TTM), an international, multicenter, clinical trial of temperature management in c

Allt som vi ser och arbetar med i vårt vardagliga liv består av atomer. De är mycket små, omkring 10-10 meter. De syns inte med blotta ögat, utan kräver avancerade elektronmikroskop. Men atomerna själva består av ännu mindrebeståndsdelar, ett elektronmoln som kretsar kring en kärna.Atomkärnan består av neutroner och protoner och är bara cirka 10-15 meter stor. Neutroner och protoner hålls samman This thesis focusses on the results of two experiments employing Penning traps to prepare pure beams of the 213Ra ground state and 127Cd, which were then studied with the decay-spectroscopy setup TASISpec. The experiments were conducted with SHIPTRAP at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany, and JYFLTRAP at the IGISOL Accelerator Facility at the University of Jyvä

Crowding has a major impact on the dynamics of many material and biological systems, inducing effects as diverse as glassy dynamics and swarming. While this issue has been deeply investigated for a variety of living organisms, more research remains to be done on the effect of crowding on the behaviour of copepods, the most abundant metazoans on Earth. To this aim, we experimentally investigate the

Comparing 3D neutron and X-ray microtomography (NCT and XCT) results of fully pyrolyzed and pristine samples, we observed that the contrast in the neutron images increased for the carbonized samples, suggesting that H would be concentrated at the surface of the carbonized material structure.

This is an account that should be heard of an important struggle: the struggle of a large group of experts who came together at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic to warn the world about the risk of airborne transmission and the consequences of ignoring it. We alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) about the potential significance of the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the urgent

Under åren 2014-2018 röjdes över 200 fågelskär inom Natura2000-områden i Vänern. Röjningarna genomfördes inom projektet LIFE Vänern. Syftet med röjningarna var att förhindra igenväxning av skär som är attraktiva häckningsplatser för fåglar i Vänern. Denna rapport utvärderar korttidsutvecklingen av antalet häckande fåglar på de röjda skären i jämförelse med skär som ej röjdes inom LIFE-projektet oc

Background: Patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer face a poor prognosis and multiple symptoms and problems that negatively affect their quality of life. In view of the prognosis and extensive illness burden, an early palliative care approach is of importance.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and compare symptoms, problems and care needs in relation to the initial treatment