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This thesis addresses the critical issue of design and development of products like production machines for SMEs and rural communities as an essential capability to foster local technology development within the innovation systems of Latin America. What is studied and discussed in this thesis is the pre-requisites for effective application of design and development methods, like design thinking

Arsenic is highly toxic and a significant threat to human health, but certain bacteria have developed defense mechanisms initiated by AsIII binding to AsIII-sensing proteins of the ArsR family. The transcriptional regulator AfArsR responds to AsIII and SbIII by coordinating the metalloids with three cysteines, located in a short sequence of the same monomer chain. Here, we characterize the binding

The iconic Cape buffalo has experienced several documented population declines in recent history. These declines have been largely attributed to the late 19th century rinderpest pandemic. However, the effect of the rinderpest pandemic on their genetic diversity remains contentious, and other factors that have potentially affected this diversity include environmental changes during the Pleistocene,

In recent years motivational interviewing (MI) has become increasingly popular in various social work contexts. In this paper we explore MI practices when applied in social services’ anonymous online chat in Sweden. The data consists of chat logs from social services’ online chat in one of Swedish municipalities. We use the approach of conversation analysis (CA), particularly developments in rece

Purpose: Tricuspid valve flow velocities are challenging to measure with cardiovascular MR, as the rapidly moving valvular plane prohibits direct flow evaluation, but they are vitally important to diastolic function evaluation. We developed an automated valve-tracking 2D method for measuring flow through the dynamic tricuspid valve. Methods: Nine healthy subjects and 2 patients were imaged. The ap

UNLABELLED: Maintaining high-affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a phase 1 malaria vaccine trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12 months, suggesting poor maintenance of high-affinity antibodies.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRAT

Heatwaves are the deadliest weather hazard and people and societies across the world continue to suffer from heat-related impacts. Future climate projections show a troubling increase in cross-sectoral impacts including health and economic risk presented by heatwaves. Many weather hazards such as floods and droughts already have a type of Early Warning System (EWS) or Global Alert System, but a gl

Background: Reliable and valid assessment of paranoia is important in forensic psychiatry for providing adequate care. VR technology may add to current assessment procedures, as it enables observation within realistic (social) situations resembling the complexity of everyday life. VR constitutes a promising tool within forensics, due to the restricted nature of forensic psychiatric hospitals and e

Background: Patients with a psychotic disorder often suffer from low self-esteem, which has been related to higher suicidal risk, poor quality of life and, the maintenance of psychotic and depression symptoms. However, intervention studies are scarce and reported interventions concern individual therapies provided by highly educated psychologists. Both the individual setting and the required quali

Introduction: Problems with adequately regulating aggression are comon in people with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID). Learning through experience has been shown to be effective in MBID. Therefore, we adapted an aggression prevention training that uses virtual reality (VR), which was initially made for a forensic psychiatric population. We aimed to assess the feasibility of thi

We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model and two inverse methods (the maximum a posteriori and ensemble Kalman filter) to infer regional methane (CH4) emissions and the corresponding stable-carbon-isotope source signatures from 2004-2020 across the globe using in situ and satellite remote sensing data. We use the Siegel estimator to determine linear trends from the in situ data. Over our 17-year stud

Background and objective: Patients diagnosed with grade group (GG) 1 prostate cancer (PCa) following treatment for benign disease (“incidental” PCa) are typically managed with active surveillance (AS). It is not known how their outcomes compare with those observed in patients diagnosed with GG1 on biopsy. We aimed at determining whether long-term oncologic outcomes of AS for patients with GG1 PCa

The association between higher education and political attitudes is well-recognized, and research suggests that socialization amongst peers is one of the most probable mechanisms explaining a possible attitudinal change. However, identifying a socialization effect is difficult due to self-selection mechanisms and limitations in data availability. This article empirically investigates the underlyin

Background & Aims: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, but whether this risk varies by histologic disease activity is unclear. Methods: This was a national population-based study of 55,626 individuals diagnosed with IBD in 1990 to 2016 with longitudinal data on ileocolorectal biopsy specimens followed up through 2016. Serious infection

Background: Irradiation with violet-blue light (VBL), in the spectrum of 405–450 nm, has been reported to be effective against pathogenic bacteria. Aim: To investigate whether VBL irradiation could reduce the level of surface contamination at seven shared patient bathrooms in two wards at a hospital in Sweden. Methods: Repeated sampling of five separate surfaces (door handle, tap water handle, flo

International corporate criminal responsibility has been discussed by scholars and practitioners as an avenue for bringing corporations to account for some of their wrongdoing for more than two decades. This thesis focuses on how thinking about the international corporate criminal responsibility project as ideology can further our understanding of the relationship between the corporate form, corpo

The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish children's and parents' attitudes and knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination a year after gender-neutral HPV vaccination was introduced in Sweden's national immunization program (NIP). Additional information about HPV and vaccine was provided in the extended immunazation program. In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School

This paper discusses how language training for refugees is implemented by the local authorities in Finland and Sweden. The responsibility, production and financing of this specific integration service, language training, is distributed over a multitude of actors in a multidimensional governance structure. We apply a conceptual framework based on intergovernmental relations and conflictual policy p

This brief anthology presents the basics of the interdisciplinary course called Smart City Governance – AI Ethics in a Spatial Context, given at LTH, Lund University. Furthermore, it includes three selected essays from the main assignment written by students from the class of 2023/2024. These provide with examples of the topics possible to analyse when combining engineering students from programme