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We introduce the 'security index' of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant system under sensor attacks as a quantitative representation-free measure on the vulnerability of an observable system. Ideas from linear coding theory are employed in providing conditions for attack detection and correction in terms of a system's security index, along with methods for its computation based on different re
Nuclear structure studies for even-even nuclei in the mass region ∼130, have been performed, with a special focus around N or Z = 64. On the onset of deformation and lying between two closed shell, these nuclei have attracted attention in a number of studies. A revisit to these experimentally accessible nuclei has been made via the relativistic mean field. The role of pairing and density depletion
The longitudinal movement of the arterial wall of large human arteries has shown promise to be an independent indicator of vascular health. Despite growing interest in this movement, its nature, causes, and implications are not fully understood, and existing phantoms have failed to show a pure longitudinal movement that is not secondary to the distension. An often overlooked aspect of the arterial
Active synapses can reduce the probability of transmitter release at neighbouring synapses. Depending on whether such heterosynaptic depression is mediated by intersynaptic diffusion of transmitter or by release of gliotransmitters, astrocytes should either hinder or promote the heterosynaptic depression. In the present study we have examined the developmental profile and astrocytic involvement in
This paper presents the features of a survey on Swedish firms’ export decisions conducted in February 2015 focusing on a sample of 10,000 small and medium-sized enterprises. The survey was divided into two major sections. The first section targeted all firms and focused on firms’ general situation (e.g. competition, type of co-operations, etc.). The second section focused on firms’ export decision
Whenever a material object is selected to represent a physically absent, but emotionally present referent, such as a religious figure or a deceased relative, we have a complex representation situation that involves what we could tentatively label “transgressive cognitive acts”. A transgressive cognitive act is here meant to involve a part that is experienced as present, and as having an effect, bu
Background: Smoking is reported to affect the risk of a number of chronic disorders, including rheumatic diseases. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a lower frequency of smoking in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking and socioeconomic status on the risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS in a nested case-control study
Echolocating bats are surveyed and studied acoustically with bat detectors routinely and worldwide, yet identification of species from calls often remains ambiguous or impossible due to intraspecific call variation and/or interspecific overlap in call design. To overcome such difficulties and to reduce workload, automated classifiers of echolocation calls have become popular, but their performance
Background: Birds harbour an astonishing diversity of haemosporidian parasites. Renewed interest in avian haemosporidians as a model system has placed a greater emphasis on the development of screening protocols to estimate parasite prevalence and diversity. Prevalence estimates are often based on the molecular or blood-smear microscopy techniques. However, variation in diagnostic sensitivity amon
We used PCR and DNA sequencing to screen for haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) in 2,488 individual birds from 104 species and 22 families, primarily understory suboscine passerines, captured in a lowland Amazonian forest in Ecuador as a first major step to understanding the transmission dynamics of this cosmopolitan group of parasites in this region. To assess diversity of avi
In this study, a tank-connected food waste disposer system with the objective to optimise biogas production and nutrient recovery from food waste in Malmö was evaluated. The project investigated the source-separation ratio of food waste through waste composition analyses, determined the potential biogas production in ground food waste, analysed the organic matter content and the limiting component
This paper examines the relationship between loss aversion and consumer behaviour in a non-price policy intervention that followed the installation of smart meter (SM) technology. Drawing upon insights from behavioural economics, we propose that consumers underestimate potential gains and overestimate potential financial losses resulting from electricity use. To test the hypothesis, we carried out
Effective material parameters for diffusion and elastic deformation are calculatedfor porous materials using a continuum theory-based superposition procedure. The theory that is limited to two-dimensional cases, requires that the pores are sufficiently sparse. The methodleads to simple manual calculations that can be performed by, e.g. hospital staff at clinicaldiagnoses of bone deceases that invo
Design and properties are reported for a novel type of multi-channel isothermal microcalorimeter. It is equipped with 48 calorimetric units (channels) and is primarily intended for use as a monitor of the activity of living cells, tissues and small animals. Calorimetric vessels are positioned in a holder with the format of a 48-well microtiter plate. At most, 47 samples can be measured simultaneou
Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology with thermal energy storage is a renewable and emerging technology. In this work, dynamic models for analyzing and evaluating energy storage concepts and its interaction with the solar field and the power block have been developed. A physical model of a 50 MW CSP plant has been implemented in the modeling language Modelica. The models are developed in a m
The issue of lag selection in ADF unit root testing is important, even asymptotically, for if the number of lags is not allowed to increase at a certain rate the test might not be correctly sized. However, size control is not the only concern. Indeed, simulations have repeatedly shown how increasing lag lengths tend to be associated with reductions in power, thus adding to the well-known low power
The lipid-protein film covering the interface of the lung alveolar in mammals is vital for proper lung function and its deficiency is related to a range of diseases. Here we present a molecular-level characterization of a clinical-grade porcine lung surfactant extract using a multitechnique approach consisting of 1H-13C solid-state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, small-And wide-Angle X-ray scatteri
The duration of parental care in animals varies widely, from none to lifelong. Such variation is typically thought to represent a trade-off between growth and safety. Seabirds show wide variation in the age at which offspring leave the nest, making them ideal to test the idea that a trade-off between high energy gain at sea and high safety at the nest drives variation in departure age (Ydenberg’s
