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STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether in an urban population stage at breast cancer diagnosis is related to area of living and to what extent intra-urban differences in breast cancer mortality are related to incidence respectively stage at diagnosis. DESIGN: National registries were used to identify cases. Mortality in 17 residential areas was studied in relation to incidence and stage distribution u
The discussions in this chapter should be viewed as a limited contribution to the debate on how to introduce the right to equal treatment through legislation. In the coming pages, I shall use a case study to demonstrate the differences between rights which emerge organically from below and work bottom up and rights which are introduce through political pressure from above and work top down. This s
The legislative limits for NOX emissions in the exhaust gas from heavy-duty diesel engines will be decreased in the European Union from today 3.5 g/kWh (Euro IV) to 2.0 g/kWh in 2008 (Euro V). In the USA and Japan a similar trend can be seen. Accordingly, the development of an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty trucks seems unavoidable. In this work, an 11 l diesel engine rig has been bu
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When constructivism gives up reality as a way of accounting for representations it looses a powerful tool of explanation. Why do we have the representations we have? How are they interrelated? This article attempts to investigate what possible means a constructivistic theory has to maintain the distinction between representations and experience, between memory and imagination, and between correct
This paper proposes an approach to build a reduced order model for a Switched Affine (SA) system. The main idea is to transform the SA system into an equivalent Switched Linear (SL) system with state reset, and then apply balanced truncation to each mode and redefine the reset maps so as to best reproduce the free evolution of the system output. A randomized method is proposed for order selection
To run a Diesel engine in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode has proved to be a highly promising approach towards reduced engine-out emissions of NOx and particulate matter. A crucial issue when utilizing HCCI is the degree of charge homogeneity that is required to achieve the desired low temperature combustion. A very well mixed charge can be created through the use of traditiona
A pre-screening procedure with a number of candidate Human-Machine-Interaction solutions (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concept of Safe Speed and Safe Distance was carried out. Two groups of about 30 test persons participated in the two-phase test procedure. Eleven candidate visual displays for speed information and ten alternatives for distance warning as well as twelve auditory warning so
276 patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving galantamine in the Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study were investigated for safety and dropout. Completion rates and reasons for dropout were monitored. The occurrence and time of death was investigated. Galantamine was well tolerated and few side effects were observed. The most frequent cause of dropout during the first year was side effects (n=9), t
Renardus is a distributed Web-based service, which provides integrated searching and browsing access to quality-controlled Web resources. With the overall purpose of improving Renardus, the research aims to study: the detailed usage patterns (quantitative/qualitative, paths through the system); the balance between browsing and searching or mixed activities; typical sequences of usage steps and tra
The Hipparcos mission (1989-1993) resulted in the first space-based stellar catalogue including measurements of positions, parallaxes and annual proper motions accurate to about one milli-arcsecond. More space astrometry missions will follow in the near future. The ultra-small Japanese mission Nano-JASMINE (launch in late 2013) will determine positions and annual proper motions with some milli-arc
Simultaneous OH-, fuel- planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV)measurements were performed in turbulent low-swirl stratified premixed flames. The combined PIV/PLIF images revealed e.g. the fuel distribution, entrainment of ambient air, mixing with the air/fuel stream and the resulting stratification in the trailing edge of the flame. Flame-flow interaction was
The increasing trend to build both more and longer underground transportation systems, e.g., road and rail tunnels, and the special characteristics of these facilities, introduces new problem areas to both fire safety designers and fire rescue services. TUFT, a simple computer model, has therefore been developed partly to aid fire safety designers in the early stages of the fire safety design proc
The operating range in HCCI mode is limited by the excessive pressure rise rate and therefore high combustion induced noise. The HCCI range can be extended with turbocharging which enables increased dilution of the charge and thus a reduction of combustion noise. When the engine is turbocharged the intake charge will have a high temperature at increased boost pressure and can then be regulated in
Search algorithms for regular and irregular quasi-cyclic LDPC block codes with both good girth profile and good degree distribution are presented. New QC LDPC block codes of various code rates are obtained and their bit error rate performance is compared with that of the corresponding LDPC block codes defined in the IEEE 802.16 WiMAX standard of the same block length and code rate.
