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Mechanistic Modelling of Drug Dissolution and Matrix Formulations: Rotating Disc Dissolution, Dissolution in a Stagnant Medium, Swelling and Dissolving Matrix Systems

Under årens lopp har människan gjort stora landvinningar inom läkemedelsforskning, vilket har lett fram till avancerade läkemedel som idag tas för givna. Avancerade läkemedel sätter dock höga krav på tillverkarna av läkemedel, vilket har lett till att framtagandet av nya läkemedel är en ganska komplicerad process. Faktum är att dagens läkemedelsutveckling är så komplex att alla aspekter förmodligePopular Abstract in Swedish Under årens lopp har människan gjort stora landvinningar inom läkemedelsforskning, vilket har lett fram till avancerade läkemedel som idag tas för givna. Avancerade läkemedel sätter dock höga krav på tillverkarna av läkemedel, vilket har lett till att framtagandet av nya läkemedel är en ganska komplicerad process. Faktum är att dagens läkemedelsutveckling är så komplex

Pre-diagnostic meat and fibre intakes in relation to colorectal cancer survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and treatment have led to greater numbers of CRC survivors, for whom there is limited evidence on which to provide dietary guidelines to improve survival outcomes. Higher intake of red and processed meat and lower intake of fibre are associated with greater risk of developing CRC, but there is limited evidence regarding associations with survival a

Multiplex genome editing eliminates the Warburg Effect without impacting growth rate in mammalian cells

The Warburg effect is ubiquitous in proliferative mammalian cells, including cancer cells, but poses challenges for biopharmaceutical production, as lactate accumulation inhibits cell growth and protein production. Previous efforts to eliminate lactate production via knockout have failed in mammalian bioprocessing since lactate dehydrogenase has proven essential. However, here we eliminated the Wa

Vacuolar Ca2+-ATPases in Plants. Regulation by calmodulin binding to a N-terminal autoinhibitory domain.

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is essential for all plant and animal life. One important function of Ca2+ is as a second messenger in the responses of the cell to environmental and hormonal signals as well as in some intrinsic developmental processes. The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ must be strictly regulated, since a high concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ is toxic. All eukaryotic cells carry c

Quality of life among disability pensioners with musculoskeletal disorders : Studies in a geographically defined population in Sweden

Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige har andelen förtidspensionärer ökat under lång tid och uppgick år 1998 till 7.6% av befolkningen i arbetsför ålder (16-64 år). Den vanligaste orsaken till att en individ förtidspensioneras är reducerad arbetsförmåga till följd av problem i rörelseorganen. Kunskaperna om förtidspensionärers livskvalitet är bristfälliga. Syftet med denna studie var att studera lThe starting-point of this thesis was the high rate of disability pensioners in Sweden and the lack of knowledge about what a disability pension entails for quality of life (QL). The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about QL among disability retirees with musculoskeletal disorders (ERPs). A questionnaire was sent in 1992 to 450 ERPs in Kristianstad Municipality, Sweden, granted their disabil

Influence of mitochondrial inhibition on global and local [Ca(2+)](I) in rat tail artery.

Inhibition of oxidative metabolism is often found to decrease contractility of systemic vascular smooth muscle, but not to reduce global [Ca(2+)](i). In the present study, we probe the hypothesis that it is associated with an altered pattern of intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations (waves) influencing force development. In the rat tail artery, mitochondrial inhibitors (rotenone, antimycin A, and cyani

Laser Spectroscopy in Scattering Media for Biological and Medical Applications

Popular Abstract in Swedish Spektroskopi är den vetenskapsgren som används för att studera samspelet mellan strålning/ljus och materia för tillämpningar i både diagnostiska och terapeutiska syften. Då ljus sänds in i ett prov sätts olika fysikaliska processer igång. I denna avhandling studeras företrädesvis en process som kallas för absorption. Vid absorptionsspektroskopi är våglängden av ljuset, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy can be utilised for gas detection in biological and medical applications. The common approach is to analyse transmitted light according to the Beer-Lambertian law. Normally, the light has a well-defined path length through the gas sample since it can be assumed that it has negligible scattering properties. Samples which, by contrast, have strong scatteri

A Glial Role in the Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Popular Abstract in Swedish Depression är en mycket vanlig och allvarlig sjukdom som drabbar ett stort antal människor någon gång i livet. På jakt efter effektiv antidepressiv behandling har forskare inom det medicinska fältet sökt efter biologiska processer kopplade till sjukdomen. På senare tid har ett flertal undersökningar visat att depression leder till förändringar inom vissa områden av hjärThe aim of the current thesis was to investigate glial responses to electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of the fast-acting antidepressant treatment electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Depression, a common and devastating disorder, has in recent years been associated with volumetric changes in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, brain regions known to be implicated in emotional

Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

BACKGROUND: Dietary factors are thought to have an important role in gastric and esophageal carcinogenesis, but evidence from cohort studies for such a role is lacking. We examined the risks of gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with meat consumption within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: A total of 521,457 men and women

Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malmö, Sweden. Aspects of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Genetics.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Pneumokocker är den vanligaste bakteriella orsaken till öron- och lunginflammation, men kan också orsaka allvarliga och livshotande infektioner som hjärnhinneinflammation hos både barn och vuxna. I Sverige är allvarlig pneumokocksjukdom bland äldre fortfarande den vanligaste dödliga infektionssjukdomen med en mortalitet kring 10 %. Tills nyligen kunde alla pneumokockinS. pneumoniae is a major cause of common diseases such as acute otitis media and pneumonia, as well as more serious illnesses like septicemia and meningitis. The increasing level of resistance in pneumococci threatens to change the tradition of treating common respiratory infections with narrow-spectrum penicillin. In the city of Malmö the proportion of penicillin nonsusceptible S. Pneumoniae (PNS

Nuclear transparency with the gamma n ->pi(-)p process in He-4

We have measured the nuclear transparency of the fundamental process gamman-->pi(-)p in He-4. These measurements were performed at Jefferson Lab in the photon energy range of 1.6-4.5 GeV and at theta(cm)(pi)=70degrees and 90degrees. These measurements are the first of their kind in the study of nuclear transparency in photoreactions. They also provide a benchmark test of Glauber calculations based

Isomer Spectroscopy Using Relativistic Projectile Fragmentation at the N=Z Line for A~80-90

The preliminary results from the RISING Stopped Beam Isomer Campaign are presented, with specific focus on results of the initial experiment to investigate isomeric decays along the N=Z line around A similar to 80-90 following the projectile fragmentation of a Ag-107 primary beam at an energy of 750 MeV per nucleon. A description of the technical aspects behind the design of the RISING array is pr

Molecular and microscopical analysis of pathogenic streptococci - studies on surface proteins interacting with human cells and extracellular matrix

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi är omringade av olika mikrorganismer såsom bakterier och svampar. Bakterier kan leva från de mest ogästvänliga miljöer som arktisk is och varma källor på havsbotten till varje människas hud och mag- tarmkanal. Bakterier som bor på och inuti oss spelar en stor roll i vårt välbefinnande. De hjälper oss att smälta maten och hindrar andra mer farliga bakterier från att bAssociation to specific host tissue structures allows pathogenic bacteria to establish an infection and facilitates the spread within its host. Interactions between bacterial surface structures and human proteins might determine the outcome of the infection. Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), is a human pathogen mostly causing localized infections of the skin and respiratory tract, but it is al

Frontotemporal dementia - symptoms and brain pathology

Popular Abstract in Swedish Frontotemporal demens (FTD) är en grupp av demenssjukdomar som främst drabbar hjärnans pannlober och främre tinninglober. Gemensamt för FTD-sjukdomarna är en fortskridande nervcellsförlust och förtvining av framför allt hjärnbarken. Sjukdomen medför personlighetsförändring med beteendestörningar, förändringar i känsloliv och kognitiva svårigheter. En försämring av språkFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the clinical term for a heterogeneous group of dementia disorders with symptoms emerging from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTD encompasses the behavioural variant (bvFTD) and the progressive aphasias: progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) and semantic dementia (SD). Neuropathological classification is based on protein pathology with three major subgrou

Contrast-enhanced MRI of human knee cartilage Clinical applications of the novel dGEMRIC technique to study glycosaminoglycan content in articular cartilage

Popular Abstract in Swedish Knäartros är en mycket vanlig sjukdom som leder till successiv nedbrytning och förlust av brosket i leden, en process som oftast tar 10-20 år. Detta orsakar svår smärta och stelhet och i dag saknas botande behandling mot artros. Det är dock rimligt att anta att en behandling har bättre förutsättningar att lyckas ju tidigare den sätts in. Man vet att det tidigt under sjuDelayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a new technique to study cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. The negatively charged contrast agent Gd-DTPA2-, injected intravenously, distributes in the cartilage inversely to the likewise negatively charged GAG. The GAG concentration is reflected by the MRI parameter T1 and the Gd-DTPA2- concentration by the MRI parameter R1 (R1=1/T

Radial Velocities Without Spectroscopy -Astrometric determination of stellar radial motion

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stjärnors radialhastigheter har i mer än ett sekel haft betydelse för studiet av Vintergatans och stjärnhoparnas kinematik. Radialhastigheten är den hastighet en stjärna, eller ett annat objekt, har längs synlinjen från en given observatör. Hittills har radialhastigheter bestämts med hjälp av spektroskopi, genom att observera spektrallinjer vars vilovåglängder är kända.This work demonstrates the determination of absolute stellar radial velocities from geometrical principles, i.e. using astrometry. Such `astrometric radial velocities' are obtained independently of spectroscopic information. While spectroscopic radial velocities are affected by line shifts from astrophysical processes on the stellar surfaces, by gravitational redshift and various other effects, as

Dietary Intakes of Individual Flavanols and Flavonols Are Inversely Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations

Dietary flavanols and flavonols, flavonoid subclasses, have been recently associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Europe. Even within the same subclass, flavonoids may differ considerably in bioavailability and bioactivity. We aimed to examine the association between individual flavanol and flavonol intakes and risk of developing T2D across European countries. The European Prospec

Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin (MAP) Plus Maintenance Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Versus MAP Alone in Patients With Resectable High-Grade Osteosarcoma and Good Histologic Response to Preoperative MAP: First Results of the EURAMOS-1 Good Response Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose EURAMOS-1, an international randomized controlled trial, investigated maintenance therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) in patients whose osteosarcoma showed good histologic response (good response) to induction chemotherapy. Patients and Methods At diagnosis, patients age ≤ 40 years with resectable high-grade osteosarcoma were registered. Eligibility after surgery for good

Frequent somatic transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome of human cancer cells.

Mitochondrial genomes are separated from the nuclear genome for most of the cell cycle by the nuclear double membrane, intervening cytoplasm, and the mitochondrial double membrane. Despite these physical barriers, we show that somatically acquired mitochondrial-nuclear genome fusion sequences are present in cancer cells. Most occur in conjunction with intranuclear genomic rearrangements, and the f