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Student speech production is an essential part of language learning in the foreign-language classroom. The students usually have few opportunities to use the language outside the classroom, which underscores the importance of making good use of the time spent in the classroom. Much research has shown that learner output is necessary, or at least facilitative, in language acquisition. This claim fo
A model based on the penetration theory has been developed to calculate the dynamic absorption rate of sulfur dioxide into a droplet of limestone slurry. The model includes both instantaneous equilibrium reactions and reactions with finite rates; limestone dissolution, sulfite oxidation, gypsum crystallization and the hydrolysis reaction of CO2. The model has been used to quantify the mass transfe
The effects of small roundabouts on emissions and fuel consumption were evaluated using the “car-following” method in a before/after study. The results showed that at a roundabout replacing a signalised junction, CO emissions decreased by 29%, NOx emissions by 21%, and fuel consumption by 28%. At roundabouts, replacing yield regulated junctions, CO emissions increased on average by 4%, NOx emissio
The NOx storage and reduction approach was applied on a full-scale engine rig under stationary operation. NOx reduction experiments were performed and a catalyst model developed and tested. The exhaust system was equipped with a bypass system. A NOx reduction of 25-53% was achieved. At low temperature, higher values were reached when the exhaust gas bypass was longer than the injection period.
Injectable bone substitutes (IBS) based on calcium phosphate (CaP) and/or calcium sulphate (CaS) are used as fillers in bone defects to stimulate bone integration and allow mechanical loading. Two types of IBS, IBS-1 is CaP+20%CaS and IBS-2 is CaS+40% hydroxyapatite, were investigated. The materials were injected into holes in the femur and tibia in rabbits. After 10 weeks the femora were subjecte
A method for determining transition matrices for inhomogeneous dielectric shells is presented. The source can be either inside or outside the shell. The method is based upon expansions of the electric and magnetic fields in vector spherical harmonics. The expansion coefficients in the shell satisfy a system of linear ordinary differential equations in the radial direction. The expansion coefficien
Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) is an artificial electron acceptor which has been suggested to be a useful tool in studies of free radicals. To establish whether NBT could be useful in morphological demonstration of free radicals in the retina, the staining pattern was examined in normal rat retina and after incubation with the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase or with inhibitors of free ra
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen tar avstamp i en pågående internationell diskussion om kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter och islam. I denna diskussion kan olika muslimska ståndpunkter identifieras. En del avvisar mänskliga rättigheter, såsom dessa formulerats i internationella människorättsdokument, som ”västerländska” påfund och hävdar de religiösa källornas överordnade auktoritet. För andrThe dissertation focuses on interpretations of Islam that claim compatibility with international human rights norms in the context of women’s rights. These interpretations are seen as parts of an on-going contemporary international debate on women’s human rights and Islam that engages Muslims as well as non-Muslims. Existing UN-formulated international human rights schemes are a basic starting poi
The current knowledge on lipoprotein secretion from the heart is examined in this article. The ability of cells to secrete apolipoprotein B (apo-B) containing lipoproteins depends on expression of the apo-B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) genes. Initially, it was shown that both genes are expressed in cardiac myocytes of mice and humans. Electron microscopy of human cardiac myoc
We present a new probability density function (PDF)-based computational model to simulate a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with direct injection (DI) during gas exchange. This stochastic reactor model (SRM) accounts for the engine breathing process in addition to the closed-volume HCCI engine operation. A weighted-particle Monte Carlo method is used to solve the resulting PD
A new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon B (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of Mycena sp. strain 96180. Favolon B showed antifungal activities towards Botrytis cinerea, Mucor miehei, Paecilomyces variotii and Penicillium notatum. No activities were observed against bacteria and yeasts. The structure of favolon B was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques.
Using a broad variety of scientific methods this dissertation systematically investigates the fundamental mechanisms underlying the dispersion processes in natural rivers and their mathematical descriptions in a geometrical framework. Emphasis is on the geometrical variations and irregularities of a natural river and their scales. Analysis starts with the integral scale and the Fickian dispersion
Two important dimensions of the Swedish social insurance system are those of universality (encompassing the entire population) and of compensation for loss of income. The decisions basic to the Swedish social insurance system and thus to the Swedish Welfare State were made during the 1910s. A universal pension insurance system was decided upon in 1913. This was the world's first universal public i
The concerted action EXASRUB was initiated to create a database management system for information on occupational hygiene measurements that could be used to develop exposure models in the European rubber manufacturing industry. Quality of coding was assessed by calculating percentages of agreement and Cohen's kappa statistics (kappa) for an intra- and inter-centre recoding of randomly selected sub
This dissertation studies the historical relation between the Muslim minority and the non-Muslim majority in Yunnan with a combined method: historical criticism supplemented by ethnological interpretation. This relation manifests in history dynamic and dialectical characteristics: concord and conflict. Concord can be found in the stable and balanced periods in the relevant socio-cultural aspects o
Objective To explore the attitudes of obstetricians to performe a caesarean section on maternal request in the absence of medical indication. Design Cluster sampling cross-sectional survey. Setting Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) associated maternity units in eight European countries. Population Obstetricians with at least 6 months clinical experience. Methods NICU-associated maternity units w
