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Drawing on a database of the competitive research funds in the Japanese academia, this study examines the distribution of research grants at the university and individual levels. The data indicates high inequality at the university level and slightly lower inequality at the individual level. Over the last three decades, the total grant budget has greatly increased and an increasing number of resea
Floral syndromes are thought to be the product of convergent evolution, where the floral characters of unrelated species have evolved similar forms in response to shared pollinators. A contentious corollary is that floral form should be predictive of pollinators. In the forests of Uganda, we came upon the inflorescences of . Thonningia sanguinea, a parasitic plant which previous literature suggest
Background: Low-dose opioids can relieve breathlessness but may be underused in late-stage COPD due to fear of complications, contributing to poor symptom control. Objectives: We aimed to study the period prevalence and indications of opioids actually prescribed in people with end-stage COPD. Methods: The study was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients starting long-term oxygen therap
Purpose– The aim of the paper is to carry out a contemporary and concise “state‐of‐the‐art” review of the city branding research domain, in particular how scholars have approached this field of study, what aspects of city branding have been studied, what cities have been chosen, and how the studies are designed.Design/methodology/approach– Through an iterative search in multiple literature databas
Reducing package-related cost is essential for various companies and institutions. Different packages are usually designed separately for each and every product, which results in less cost-effective packaging systems. In this study, a data mining model with three clustering algorithms was developed to modularize a packaging system by reducing the variety of packaging sizes. The three algorithms we
Oat is an excellent source of high-quality proteins. The protein content in cultivated oat is about 12%–15%. Oats with even higher protein contents would have great potential as a vegetative protein source. From a mutagenized oat population, 230 lines with seed protein levels of 15% or higher were identified from green house grown plants. Fifteen lines with protein levels ranging between 17 and 24
We report a flow-injection biosensor system with a capacitive transducer for assay and quality control of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). The sensing platform is based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylic acid terminated alkyl-thiols with covalently attached concanavalin A. The electrochemical characteristics of the sensor surface were assessed by cyclic voltammetry using a permeable r
Sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic equations in two-dimensional exterior domains are given.
Aims/hypothesis We examined the school marks of diabetic children in Sweden at the time of leaving compulsory education. Marks were examined in comparison with non-diabetic children and with special regard to age at onset of diabetes. Subjects and methods The study involved 5,159 children who developed diabetes between 1 July 1977 and 1 July 2000, and 1,330,968 non-diabetic children. We linked the
The aggregating proteoglycans (aggrecan, versican, neurocan, and brevican) are important components of many extracellular matrices. Their N-terminal globular domain binds to hyaluronan, but the function of their C-terminal region containing a C-type lectin domain is less clear. We now report that a 90-kDa protein copurifies with recombinant lectin domains from aggrecan and versican, but not from t
The binding of Helicobacter pylori to glycosphingolipids was examined by binding of 35S-labeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. In addition to previously reported binding specificities, a selective binding to a non-acid tetraglycosylceramide of human meconium was found. This H. pylori binding glycosphingolipid was isolated and, on the basis of mass spectrometry, proton
In situ monitoring of traffic-generated nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions using long-path absorption spectroscopy is reported. High-sensitivity detection of NO2 is achieved by employing two-tone frequencymodulation spectroscopy at a visible absorption band using a tunable high-power diode laser operated around 635 nm. A real-time absorption spectrometer is accomplished by repetitively applying a re
Polyamines are organic cations, which are considered essential for normal cell cycle progression. This view is based on results from numerous studies using a variety of enzyme inhibitors or polyamine analogues interfering with either the metabolism or the physiological functions of the polyamines. However, the presence of non-specific effects may be hard to rule out in such studies. In the present
Purpose: To determine whether retrograde perfusion of cooled blood into one internal jugular vein (IJV) in the pig can selectively reduce the brain temperature without affecting the core body temperature (CBT). Methods: In 7 domestic pigs, the left IJV was catheterized on one side and a catheter placed with the tip immediately below the rete mirabile. Thermistors were placed in both brain hemisphe
Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facil
