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The thesis has two aims. The first one is to contribute to the field of political and historical sociology through an understanding of the processes of state formation in a Third World country. The second aim is to describe and analyze the development of the Nicaraguan state from independence to 1990. In the first part of the dissertation theories of the nation-state and state formation are discus

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with a posterior indentation in the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) are generally considered to have an abnormality of the cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM). In this study we determined the actual width of the PES and the pressure circumstances during swallowing within the pharynx and PES in such patients. METHODS: Simultaneous videofluoroscopy and solid state manome

We report on a novel nonlinear laser spectroscopic technique for single-shot imaging of ground-state hydrogen atoms in harsh environments. H atoms from the ground state were first pumped to the 2s state via a two-photon excitation with a 243 nm laser beam, and the population of the 2s state was further probed through the 2s-4p transition with conventional polarization spectroscopy at 486 nm. A sin

The reason for moving from one library system to another or from one generation of a library system to the next must be to improve the library's ability to serve its users in a better and more effective way. An integrated library system, today, is very complex and multi-moduled, which makes it difficult to distinguish one system from another. The article describes the long and bumpy road from the

This document is a description of the computer code OSFIC. The development of the code was sponsored by the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate as an effort to develop useful tools for fire analyses in nuclear power plants. The name OSFIC stands for "OilSpill Fires In Compartments". The purpose of this paper is to describe the code and to facilitate the use of the computer program. A more detailed

The alpha-root3xroot3, beta-root3xroot3, and 6x6 surfaces of Au/Si(111) have been studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The alpha-root3xroot3 surface shows four surface state bands, one of which is a dispersing metallic band. Except for one nondispersing band near the Fermi level, the beta-root3xroot3 surface shows surface bands that are similar to those of alpha-root3xroot

In this review I will describe the advances that have recently been made in "traditional" two-dimensional gel based protein expression analysis. A major jump has been made toward the automation of gel image analysis and comparison, one of the major bottlenecks in the analysis chain as well as the automation of spot excision and preparation for mass spectrometric analysis. Currently the gel-based "

The LINC transmitter is an architecture that provides linear amplification using nonlinear but power efficient amplifiers. One crucial signal processing function of LINC is the signal component separator (SCS) which forms two constant-amplitude phase-modulated signals from the source signal. This paper presents an analog SCS chip implemented in a 0.35 mum CMOS process using a novel design based on

In humans, beta-alanine (BAL) and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) are transaminated by a single aminotransferase enzyme. Apparently, yeast originally also had a single enzyme, but the corresponding gene was duplicated in the Saccharomyces kluyveri lineage. SkUGA1 encodes a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GABA aminotransferase, and SkPYD4 encodes an enzyme involved in both BAL

Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been suggested to be overrepresented in anorexia nervosa. This study aimed to explore the comorbidity of ASD and other childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders (COND) [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and tic disorders] in a group of severe eating disorder (ED) patients. Method Thirty female ED patients from a specialist hospital c

Here we present results from a field experiment in a sub-arctic wetland near Abisko, northern Sweden, where the permafrost is currently disintegrating with significant vegetation changes as a result. During one growing season we investigated the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 and how they were affected by ecosystem properties, i.e., composition of species that are currently expanding in the area (Carex rot

This article reports on a multiblock implementation of a general three-dimensional single-block computational fluid dynamics code, which is developed in a nonorthogonal, structured, collocated finite-volume grid system, and incorporates a range of turbulence models. The multiblock implementation is essentially block-unstructured, each block having its own local coordinate system unrelated to those

Transient wave propagation in a finite bi-isotropic slab is treated. The incident field impinges normally on the slab, which can be inhomogeneous wrt depth. Dispersion and bi-isotropy are modeled by time convolutions in the constitutive relations. Outside the slab the medium is assumed to be homogeneous, non-dispersive and isotropic, and such that there is no phase velocity mismatch at the boundar

The Sheinwoodian succession of Gotland comprises the Högklint, Tofta and Hangvar Formations and most of the Slite Group. The succession consists of hierarchically ordered shallow marine depositional cycles, produced by orbitally forced climate changes. During warmer and wetter intervals (climate maxima) more carbonate was produced than during the cooler and dryer climate minima. Higher carbonate p

A mathematical model is presented for calculating heat release rate in the Room Corner Test, where lining materials are mounted on both walls and ceiling. The model is based on a thermal theory for concurrent flow flame spread. By using a simple mathematical representation of the heat release rate from the Cone Calorimeter, analytical solutions are arrived at for the velocity and position of the p