Filtyp
Intumescent coating acts as a thermal barrier for construction materials during fire hazards. The coating has the ability to expand by a factor of 40 or more during heat exposure. However, due to its fragile consistence, no physical or optical measurement technique has previously been able to measure the coating surface temperature during expansion. This is undesirable since without accurate infor
The main concern of this thesis is to experimentally investigate the turbulent flow and heat transfer in a ribbed channel. Such flows are encountered in many engineering applications, e.g., gas turbine cooling. In order to highlight the physical mechanism of flow separation, only one wall of the channel is fitted with periodic ribs. The inter-rib spacing is set such that the reattachment is allowe
It is well known that the effects of direct (lethal) predator-prey interactions propagate through food webs (the trophic cascade). However, in the present study we show for the first time that, parallel to the trophic cascade, there exists a behavioral cascade in the sense that behavioral responses, induced by the nonlethal presence of a top predator, are transmitted down the food chain over more
Participants tend to falsely remember a nonpresented critical word after having studied a list of the word's primary associates. We present here a Swedish version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, which provides a tractable method of experimentally inducing and investigating such illusory memories. In Experiment 1 it was demonstrated that the constructed stimulus material induced highly re
Tadpole density dependence has repeatedly been studied in laboratories and mesocosms, but rarely in natural ponds. The present study manipulated density in three ponds; each pond was divided into one low density section and one high density section. The experiment was run for eight years, switching density treatments within ponds among years. This experimental design cannot definitively separate t
Degradation of vegetation and soil erosion has contributed to loss of biological productivity and land degradation in Iceland. This thesis focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of land degradation in Iceland from a geographical perspective both along short and long timescales. The activity of current degradational processes has been assessed by studying farmers' perception of the problem and co
A prospective study was carried out in 499 patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) in order to evaluate the incidence of clinically significant electrolyte disturbances. Low serum potassium values (less than 3.6 mmol l) occurred in 7% of the CCU patients and low serum magnesium values (less than 0.70 mmol l-1) in 6%. Few patients had low values of both these ions (1.9%). In 49 patients the
The flow and thermal fields in a rectangular-sectioned 90 degrees bend with a cross-section aspect ratio of 6 were investigated using four turbulence models. All models managed to reproduce the general flow and thermal patterns. Chen's high-Re k-epsilon model and Suga's cubic low-Re k-epsilon model performed well. The V2F k-epsilon model was found to be the least diffusive model and delivered good
A new chamber has been designed and constructed for the second beam line at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe facility, Sweden. The aim with the chamber is to perform standardized analyses with most of the nuclear analytical techniques (proton induced X-ray emission, particle elastic scattering analysis, proton induced gamma emission, nuclear reaction analysis, etc.) with a millimetre size beam. The bea
The fundamental equations for the theoretical treatment of wood during the process of pyrolysis are presented in Chapter 1. Expressions which must be specially introduced for combustible materials are those which describe the pyrolyctic reaction and reactions at the surface of the material. The reactions are assumed t o conform to first order Arrhenius functions. The treatment also includes the va
A search for the pair production of fourth generation b'-quarks was performed using data taken by the DELPHI detector at LEP-II. The analysed data were collected at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 196 to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 420 pb(-1). No evidence for a signal was found. Upper limits on BR(b'-> bZ) and BR(b'-> bZ) were obtained for b' masses ranging from 96 t
Conditions for predicting the effects of intervention with certainty are derived. An outside observer studies sequences of actions from a two-person repeated prisoners' dilemma. The sequences are generated by finite automata, which are optimal at each stage of the game and also minimize the number of states. An intervention is a change of action for one of the players and a prediction is a stateme
This thesis is concerned with developing a consistent regional perspective on the Massim peoples of southeastern Papua New Guinea, a task largely neglected by earlier anthropological studies, it is claimed, or, when sometimes attempted, unsuccessfully accomplished for a number of reasons, both methodological and theoretical. The author uses a comparative approach for investigating a selection of
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of wearing a light-weight ice-vest (1 kg, water) on physiological and subjective responses in fire fighter’s work. The experiments were carried out in a climatic chamber, in a container under extreme radiant heat, and during simulated smoke-diving. In addition, the physical cooling effect of the ice-vest was measured with a thermal mannequin.
A diffusion process on complex networks is introduced in order to uncover their large-scale topological structures. This is achieved by focusing on the slowest decaying diffusive modes of the network. The proposed procedure is applied to real-world networks like a friendship network of known modular structure, and an Internet routing network. For the friendship network, its known structure is well
The report presents a sample design of a multi-storey building with respect to the fire safety. Three design strategies are examined, a standard solution according to the requirements, a fire safety engineering design without a sprinkler system and finally a fire safety engineering solution with a sprinkler system. Both occupant safety and structural safety have been considered in the design for t
