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Popular Abstract in Swedish I flera tusentals år har människan använt sig av naturen till hjälp för att bota åkommor och krämpor. Det som hon har dragit nytta av då är att alla växter och plantor producerar flertalet små föreningar till skydd eller nytta för plantan. Dessa som föreningar kan då interagera med andra växter och organismer till exempel som ett skydd mot att bli uppäten, som en lockelNatural products have until recently provided the only remedy for treatment of diseases. The development of modern chemistry in the last centuries has opened the door for tapping into the chemical diversity found in nature. Synthetic natural products, together with analogues, are an important piece in the puzzle towards curing many ailments. In this thesis, synthetic endeavors towards different bi

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Slemhinnorna i näsan, bihålorna, nasofarynx (nässvalgrummet), örontrumpeten och främre delen av mellanörat, är beklädda med celler på vars yta det finns flimmerhår (cilier). De ciliebeklädda slemhinnorna är täckta av ett tunt slemskikt som transporteras av ciliernas rörelser. I slemskiktet fastnar inandade partiklar, bakterier och döda celler, och transporteras av cilieThe aim with this thesis was to investigate effects of vasoactive mediators on mucociliary activity and blood flow in rabbit and human experimental models. Mucociliary activity in vivo and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in vitro were measured with photoelectric techniques. Blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. Substance P (SP) and methacholine increased human nasal blood flow. Pretre

This paper shares the experiences of 5 universities involved in a benchmarking exercise on e-learning in 2009 through ESMU. A total of 9 European universities participated in the exercise with the purpose of evaluating their existing e-learning practices and policies and getting advice on which areas to improve and how. Initially, the paper discusses the benchmarking concept and reasons why insti

This paper introduces the notion of surprising institutions. We often carry incorrect beliefs about the world surrounding us and we are often mistaken about the nature of the institutional structure. The case story in this paper shows that an institution may come as a surprise, even though its origins lies some 500 years back, and that the information we receive as feedback on our actions does not

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett ökade förbrukningen av fossila bränslen kommer att accelerera den globala uppvärmningen med oöverskådlig inverkan på oss och vår miljö. Utvecklingen av alternativa, förnybara och miljömässigt rena energiformer är därför helt essentiell. En möjlig lösning är att skapa artificiell fotosyntes, där solenergi omvandlas till bränsle (till exempel vätgas) i en process där A continuing use of fossil fuels will accelerate global warning and result in severe consequences for the environment and thereby also us. Development of alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is therefore crucial. One approach is to create an artificial photosynthetic system that converts sunshine into fuel (e.g. hydrogen gas) by splitting water molecules. However, i

The critical effect of load representation in voltage stability studies is discussed in this paper. Under the same conditions in the system, the load representation will affect the location of the operating point in a P-V curve representation, leading the system closer to or further from the collapse point. The use of dynamic load models in voltage stability studies is motivated, especially in tho