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BACKGROUND: Long-term prospective data on antibody and T-cell responses beyond the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, particularly in relation to prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and breakthrough infections, remain limited.METHODS: Health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with BNT162b2 were enrolled in January 2021. Blood samples were collected before and one month after each of four vaccine doses through

The paper studies redistributive choices and tests the trade-off between a meritocratic ideal and the willingness to reward cooperation. We design an online experiment that collects information on real redistribution in favor of subjects that differ in relative performance and cooperative levels. Cooperative behavior plays a major role in making people “deserve” redistribution; furthermore, redist

The illicit trafficking of cultural heritage represents a significant global challenge, exacerbated by digital technologies that facilitate unauthorised trade while offering new protection opportunities. The ANCHISE project addresses these challenges through a suite of six innovative, complementary tools designed to enhance the detection, prevention, and investigation of cultural property traffick

South America’s major montane systems (Andes, Pantepui, Atlantic Forest) host many endemic lineages, including some that are phylogenetically related across these systems yet highly divergent from lineages in the intervening lowlands. This pattern likely reflects historical vicariance, dispersals, and extinctions, but the spatiotemporal context of these events relative to environmental changes and

In univariate spatial stochastic models, parameter space dimension is reduced through structural models with a known adjacency matrix. This structural reduction is also applied in multivariate spatial settings, where matrix-valued observations represent locations along one coordinate and multivariate variables along the other. However, such reduction often goes too far, omitting parameters that ca

Microglia exhibit targeted responses to different stimuli, including lipids, which can differ depending on the environmental conditions they encounter. These responses involve inflammatory mediators and are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis. This study investigated whether inflammatory, metabolic, and phagocytic responses of microglia to the saturated fatty acid palmitate depend on extrace

Lysine is an essential amino acid with insulinotropic effects in humans. In vitro, it enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cell lines and rodent islets. While lysine is thought to act via membrane depolarization similar to arginine, the role of its intracellular metabolism in β-cell function remains unexplored. Here, we show that lysine acutely potentiates GSIS and that genes

Purpose To evaluate the added value of 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presurgical assessment of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), considering its overall impact on clinical decision-making, including both MRI-positive and MRI-negative cases, and its timing during the evaluation process. Methods Sixty-one patients with drug-resistant TLE, enrolled in this study underw

Poultry industry worldwide: Newcastle Disease (ND) is highly contagious poultry viral disease posed a major threat to the poultry industry due to millions of deaths worldwide. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) cause recurrent epidemics due to its rapid genomic evolution. In this study, we developed an in silico vaccine against all NDV strains using matrix protein. A reverse vaccinology approach was em

The laminar burning velocity (SL) of methane (CH4), the primary constituent of natural gas, is a key combustion property essential for validating combustion kinetic models. The present study focuses on the CH4 SL at the very rich side of flames, where the available experimental data are scarce with highly dispersed measurement conditions, and data projection was carried out to overcome the difficu

A package material blank comprises a body panel having a main panel, two second panels arranged adjacent to the main panel and at least one third panel. End closure panels arranged adjacent to the body panel, the end closure panels comprising a top and bottom closure panels arranged adjacent to the main and the at least one third panel, respectively and flap closure panels arranged adjacent to the

This study explores sustainable energy renovation strategies for a congregation building in southern Sweden using a parametric optimization approach to balance passive and active measures. Passive measures include envelope and window improvements and leakage control, while active measures involve photovoltaic integration and ventilation enhancements. The renovation aims to optimize energy use, the

Digitalization holds significant potential to improve the efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability of District Heating (DH) systems. However, the transition toward digitalized DH is often constrained by challenges beyond technology—such as regulatory uncertainty, unclear business models, fragmented organizational capacity, and misaligned stakeholder incentives. This paper offers a comparative,

Finland has a long history of constructing civil defence shelters and considering defence from a comprehensive, whole-of-society approach. Due to that long history, the requirements for civil defence construction have varied throughout the decades although the main purpose of the civil defence shelter system has remained the same: protecting the population from the effects of armed conflicts. The

Valence is a fundamental yet ambiguously defined concept in chemistry, playing a central role in the description of molecular structure, bonding, and reactivity. This thesis examines the quantum mechanical Veryazov valence formula (referred to as the original formula), which determines atomic valence based on density matrix analysis. The aim of this work is to assess the robustness of this valence

Säkrare golvlack med smarta val av kemikalier Tänk er golvalcker som tål vin, rengöringsmedel och slitage. Genom att kartlägga hur man bygger upp lacken på rätt sätt kan man förstå hur man gör dessa miljövänliga lacker både hållbara och säkra att använda. Golvlacker behöver vara tåliga för att överleva vardagens slitage. Tradionellt har man använt isocyanater för att skapa ett starkt nätverk av pMultifunctional carbodiimides (CDIs) present a safer, non-toxic alternative to conventional isocyanate crosslinkers in waterborne floor coatings. However, the inconsistent performance of CDI-crosslinked coatings has hindered the widespread adoption. This study investigates the key factors governing crosslinking efficiency to improve reliability of CDI-based systems. It was determined that crossli

Inside the human body, cells produce long sugar chains called glycosaminoglycans, or named shortly as GAGs, these sugars play an important role in our body since they are involved in important biological processes such as blood coagulation, being components in our cartilage, and the new development of tissues. Changes in these sugars is associated with several diseases such as in some kinds of can

Based on a previously published thiazole-containing glycomimetic, that works as an inhibitor to human galectin-1 novel compounds where synthesized to serve as binders to the same protein. Functionalization was achieved through electrophilic substitution on the thiazole ring using a range of different electrophiles. Characterization via NMR spectroscopy revealed a reactantbased regioselectivity bet

Syftet med detta projekt var att redogöra för vad integrerad kromatografi (unified chromatography, UC) innebär, sammanställa aktuella tillämpningar samt identifiera begränsningar och utvecklingsbehov för en bredare användning. En systematisk litteraturundersökning genomfördes och tolv artiklar från 2015–2025 som antingen använde termen ‘unified chromatography’ eller beskrev hur mängden tillsatt löIntroduction: UC on SFC systems enables single-run separations across wide polarity ranges and offers selectivity that complements LC/GC. Background: The literature is small, and terminology varies. Main challenges are consistent with recent studies: keeping the CO2 ® modifier mobile phase single phase, managing viscosity/pressure at high percentage modifier, minimizing extra-column and strong dil