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Salmonella enterica is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens found worldwide, resulting in approximately 100 million infections and over 200 000 deaths per year. Salmonella isolates, termed ‘serovars’, can largely be classified as either nontyphoidal or typhoidal Salmonella, which differ in regard to disease manifestation and host tropism. Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium must adapt to rapid environmental shifts, including those encountered upon entry and during replication to survive within macrophages during pathogenesis. Despite extensive RNA-seq-based investigations, questions remain regarding the range, timing and magnitude of response dynamics. Here we constructed a comprehensive GFP-reporter strain library representing
Host-pathogen interactions involve two critical strategies: resistance, whereby hosts clear invading microbes, and tolerance, whereby hosts carry high pathogen burden asymptomatically. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which Salmonella-superspreader (SSP) hosts maintain an asymptomatic state during chronic infection. We found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for this disease-tolerant
Macrophages provide a crucial environment for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) to multiply during typhoid fever, yet our understanding of how human macrophages and S. Typhi interact remains limited. In this study, we delve into the dynamics of S. Typhi replication within human macrophages and the resulting heterogeneous transcriptomic responses of macrophages during infection. Our stud
Introduction: Acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) affects a large proportion of women. Increased antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for novel therapeutics and the phytotherapeutic drug BNO 1045 (Canephron® N) has previously been shown to be noninferior to standard antimicrobial stewardship. This sub-analysis from a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase II
Alternating marine inflow and continental outflow make southern Sweden a suitable region for investigating natural and anthropogenic contributions to background particulate matter (PM). However, interpreting dust and marine aerosol sources remains challenging because their source signatures often overlap during atmospheric transport. This study investigated aerosol sources at the Vavihill and Hylt
Background: Inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) by tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) is potentiated by FV-Short and protein S. The C-terminus of TFPIα is important for formation of the TFPIα/protein S/FV-Short complex. It contains a hydrophobic sequence (LIKT). The purpose was to investigate the importance of the LIKT sequence.Methods: Two TFPIα C-terminal peptides were synthesized, one wild-typBackground: Inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) by tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) is potentiated by FV-Short and protein S. The C-terminus of TFPIα is important for formation of the TFPIα/protein S/FV-Short complex. It contains a hydrophobic sequence (LIKT). The purpose was to investigate the importance of the LIKT sequence.Methods: Two TFPIα C-terminal peptides were synthesized, one wild-typ
Protein-stabilized oil–water emulsions are increasingly encountered in biorefinery and agro-industrial streams, yet their treatment by membrane filtration remains limited by insufficiently understood fouling mechanisms. Unlike synthetic surfactants, proteins exhibit intrinsic charge regulation and environment-dependent interfacial behavior that strongly influence droplet-droplet and droplet–membra
Wall-resolved large eddy simulations (LES) are performed to investigate turbulent heat transfer in a rough pipe over a range of Prandtl () numbers. The rough surface is generated using a controlled numerical procedure that allows independent specification of roughness correlation length, amplitude, and skewness; a statistically Gaussian height distribution is considered as a baseline case. The r
Matrix cooling is an internal cooling concept for gas turbine blades that combines structural reinforcement with enhanced heat transfer through a rib-crossing lattice geometry. The repeated flow redirection generates strong shear layers, impingement, and vortical structures that significantly influence turbulent transport and heat transfer. This study presents a numerical investigation of turbulen
This study models Additive Manufacturing (AM) roughness using a statistical distribution of spheres and performs high-fidelity simulations at a bulk Reynolds number of 12,000 and a large range of Prandtl numbers to evaluate heat transfer on a rough pipe. Statistical measures were deployed to highlight a clear correlation between roughness features and heat transfer. To directly connect surface top
Psychiatric inpatient care for individuals who engage in self-injury involves tensions between preventing harm, respecting autonomy, sustaining relational care, and managing organizational demands. Staff may experience emotional burden and moral distress, while patients may experience care as invalidating, coercive, or insufficiently responsive to their needs. This article develops a theory-informPsychiatric inpatient care for individuals who engage in self-injury involvestensions between preventing harm, respecting autonomy, sustaining relationalcare, and managing organizational demands. Sta may experience emotionalburden and moral distress, while patients may experience care as invalidating,coercive, or insu ciently responsive to their needs. This article develops atheory-informed concep
Recovery of plastically deformed metals involves several stages of substructure evolution during which dislocation entanglements and networks become increasingly organized, thereby lowering the stored energy in the material. Central to recovery is the formation and evolution of subgrains, which is also recognized as a recrystallization precursor. In this paper, subgrain coarsening is investigated
Growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) Cu6Sn5 in Sn/Cu coatings is a major source of stress evolution and is closely linked to the reliability of electroplated Sn layers, including their susceptibility to whisker formation. Here, we investigate how Sn grain morphology and grain boundary (GB) transport control stress development during diffusion-controlled Cu6Sn5 growth. A thermodynamically con
While low-cost sensors (LCS) are increasingly utilized, validation remains limited for indoor environments characterized by high-concentration biomass burning. Sensirion SPS30 and SEN55 OEM sensors show promising precision and accuracy under ambient conditions. Manufacturer specifications define a measurement range of <1000 µg/m3, but for applications in low-resource settings their performance und
Railway traffic is experiencing notable growth but also faces competition from other modes of transport with considerable technological developments. One way to improve rail transport is by optimizing train operations at both the management and train levels. At the train level, the implementation of Automatic Train Operation (ATO) can be employed. This ATO facilitates efficient operation and serve
The growing need for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to provide advanced train-related information has driven the development of train delay prediction models. The study used a case study in Sweden to illustrate how various prediction models can be evaluated under various aspects and dimensions in order to determine their effectiveness in practical implementation. The outputs of three pre
