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In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 363 patients with untreated multiple myeloma were randomized to receive either melphalan-prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) or melphalan-prednisone and placebo (MP). The dose of melphalan was 0.25 mg/kg and prednisone was 100 mg given daily for 4 days every 6 weeks until plateau phase. The dose of thalidomide/placebo was escalated to 400 mg daily until
The 2008 Kasatochi volcanic eruption emitted 1.5-2.5 Tg SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Parts of the main volcanic plume (gases and particles) reached central Europe a week after the eruption and were detected there by the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular investigation of the Atmosphere based on an Instrument Container) flying observatory. The plume was also observed by t
1 Agricultural intensification not only alters the structure of arthropod communities, but also may affect biotic interactions by altering the availability of basal resources. We analyzed variations in stable isotope ratios (15N/14N and 13C/12C) of fertilizers, plants, prey and generalist predators in organic and conventional farming systems in a long-term agricultural experiment [DOK trial (bioDy
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a fundamental innate immune defence mechanism. They consist of a nuclear DNA backbone associated with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are able to engulf and kill pathogens. The AMP LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin family, is highly present in NETs. However, the function of LL-37 within NETs is still unknown because it lo
A pioneer study of the previously unknown delta C-13 chemostratigraphy in the Ordovician/Silurian boundary interval in eastern Iowa and northeastern Illinois resulted in the discovery of the Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion (HICE). The presence of this major isotope excursion in the Mosalem Formation in Iowa and the Wilhelmi Formation in Illinois, which indicates that the excursion interval in
Biogas production in anaerobic digestion in farm-scale units is typically performed under mesophilic conditions when used for producing domestic fuel and stabilizing animal waste for the use of digested manure as a fertilizer. Previous studies on the digestion of llama and cow manure have shown the feasibility of producing biogas under altiplano conditions (low pressure and low temperature) and of
In the present study, copper surfaces were deposited with Cu-Zinc nanoparticles of 0.6 mg by an electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Two deposition patterns were designed, i.e., fully deposition (EPD-F) and channel-pattern deposition (EPD-C). In the channel-pattern deposition, the smooth channel and the deposition channel occur alternatively, by keeping the width of the smooth channel as 3 mm,
In this project, we are studying the material flow and the information flow of sample materials and the appurtenant report of deviation for the purpose to be able to suggest better solutions. The sample material, which is to be analysed, is to be continuously taken from the production flow. The purpose is to navigate the process by the results found by the analysis. Because of this, it's very
Suicidology deals a lot with taking into consideration significant symptoms, risk factors and establishing causal relationships which inevitably are very important for suicide prevention. But do we understand the suicide attempters better thereby? The aim with the study is to elucidate the meaning of the lived suicidal experience that is expressed by participants on an Internet forum. Ten particip
This essay discusses the Nordic region Bohuslän the decade after it became "Swedish" in 1658, during what I call the region's "transition period". The wide cause of the study is to show how the traditional understanding of this state shift (and of state shifts in general) need to be problemized and understood in the light of the state conditions of Early Modern Europe. By e
The complexity with which modern science develops and drives the scientific community to reorganise makes it important to analyse what organisational forms research activity takes and why. Collaboration becomes a flexible arrangement designed to meet scientific challenges by scientists and non-scientists in common. It is increasingly recognised to be the best, or even perhaps the only way of achie
Potassium diperiodatocuprate-initiated graft polymerization was found to be an efficient and convenient method for grafting of acrylic acid (AAc) onto superporous polyacrylamide gels, so called cryogels (pAAm cryogels). It was possible to achieve grafting degrees as high as 70% with about 25% yield of grafted polymer with respect to the initial amount of monomer. The superporous structure of the c
Popular Abstract in DanishLivsbaner gennem et felt viser hvorledes eliteidrætsudøvere klarer sig i samfundet efter livet i sporten. Spørgsmålet er om erhvervelse af fysisk sportskapital i sportsfeltet, medieret gennem berømmelse, medvirker til at opnå et arbejde eller en bestemt placering i samfundet. Sportskapital bidrager måske til social mobilitet. Dette er belyst gennem konkrete undersøgelser The thesis deals with a theoretical outline of the theory of reconversions in the light of the social space, with an analysis of top level athletes' mobility and strategies of reconversions in their trajectories through the relative autonomous field of sports. Some disciplines in this field have much autonomy, others less, and are positioned according to a state of distribution of the specific cap
Nodularin (Nod), produced by the brackish/marine cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, is a potent hepatotoxin, tumor promoter and is possibly carcinogenic to mammals. It is structurally and toxicologically related to the microcystins, produced by Microcystis aeruginosa in fresh water. A better understanding of the kinetics of Nod production might provide an insight into the physiological and ecolog
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen beskriver hur man med elektromagnetisk reflekterar strålning, registrerad från satelliter vilka cirkulerar runt jorden kan lokalisera och kvantifiera skador på barrskog i Tjeckien. Signifikanta samband mellan reflektans och barrförluster gör det mögligt att utföra översiktliga uppskattningar av dessa varrförluster med satellitdata. Genom att jämföra skogsThis thesis describes the localisation and quantification of deforestation and forest damage in Norway spruce forests in northern Czech Republic using Landsat data. Severe defoliation increases the spectral reflectance in all wavelength bands, especially in the mid infrared region. These spectral differences allow the separation of three damage categories with an accuracy of 75% using TM data and
The controlling mechanisms and feedbacks between climate, the carbon and water cycling and vegetation in European ecosystems have attracted much attention in recent years but they are still not sufficiently understood. A better understanding of them is necessary to predict how they will be affected by climate change. Process-based models of ecosystem structure and functioning provide a tool to s
Background: The availability of high throughput methods for measurement of mRNA concentrations makes the reliability of conclusions drawn from the data and global quality control of samples and hybridization important issues. We address these issues by an information theoretic approach, applied to discretized expression values in replicated gene expression data. Results: Our approach yields a quan
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactococcus lactis, are abundant in nature. These bacteria convert carbohydrates into mainly lactate by a rather uncomplicated metabolism. An improved understanding of the physiological and genetical mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation will improve the industrial use of LAB. The aim of this study was to investigate the maltose an
The day Faraday moved a magnet in and out of a wire loop and detected the time-varying magnetic field, the first wireless transmitter / receiver system was created and the world was changed forever. However, it took almost fifty years for Heinrich Hertz to use Maxwell's equations and Faraday's insights in his professorship at Karlsruhe to create the first electromagnetic wireless communication sys
Fluorogold or rhodamine-labelled latex beads were injected in the substantia nigra (SN) or the globus pallidus (GP) in order retrogradely to label striatal output neurons that project to the two target structures. Ten days later, striatal c-fos was induced by systemic administration of cocaine (five normal rats; 25 mg/kg cocaine i.p. 2 h before killing) or apomorphine (five unilaterally dopamine-d
