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Choosing the right mortar for the job, and applying it correctly, gives a strong structure requiring less maintenance. A common problem is using too much cement in the mix, which is unnecessarily expensive and has technical disadvantages. Another common problem is using too thick a layer of rendering, which increases the risk of flaking and cracking. A masonry wall must meet several requirements
This study investigates the feminisation of the Swedish commercial bank sector between 1885 and 1937, during which time the female labour share increased from 10 to 27 per cent. More specifically, it is examined why the banks hired women, and why they did not hire women to an even greater extent. The study employs a queue-theoretical framework, and a micro-level panel database constructed from the
This paper discusses effects of an increased reliance on professionals in industrial organizations and whether educational background or belongingness to professional groups may be linked to ways of working when supplying highly customized deliveries, and consequently the innovativeness of the organization. The study upon which this paper is based attaches to theories related to traditional indust
The concept of ‘informality’ has become a trendy topic of research in the scholarly literature about post-Soviet societies. The amount of literature focusing on informal practices and networks in post-Soviet space has grown rapidly over last two decades, producing theoretically and empirically grounded accounts of different forms and manifestations of informality, such as clans and regional patron
Background As musculoskeletal disorders are common in general populations and they therefore constitute a heavy burden to society, the identification of their determinants is important. The aim of this study was to identify dose-response associations for location-specific prevalences of musculoskeletal disorders with various physical exposures and psychosocial factors in a large group of workers.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability and to find differences in diagnostic safety between digital and analog technique in diagnostic zones around hip prostheses. In 80 patients who had had a total hip replacement (THR) for more than 2 years, a conventional image and a digital image were taken. Gruen's model of seven distinct regions of interest was used f
Cucumber seedlings associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus WUM10 or G. caledanium (BEG 15) were grown in PVC tubes with a lateral root-free compartment and an identical compartment containing both hyphae and roots. The amounts of specific fatty acids, in the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions, were measured in both compartments and compared with controls without mycorrhi
Purpose: To present an evaluation method for three-dimensional Look-Locker (3D-LL) based T1 quantification, calculating correct T1 values independent of local flip angle (FA) variations. The method was evaluated both in phantoms and in vivo in a delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) study with 33 subjects. Materials and Methods: T1 was measured with 3D-LL, using both local FA corr
The wingbeat kinematics and wake structure of a trained house martin in free, steady flight in a wind tunnel have been studied over a range of flight speeds, and compared and contrasted with similar measurements for a thrush nightingale and a pair of robins. The house martin has a higher aspect ratio (more slender) wing, and is a more obviously agile and aerobatic flyer, catching insects on the wi
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is not adequate for the determination of some potentially hazardous trace elements, such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb at low concentration in PM2.5 atmospheric aerosol particles. Therefore, a method has been developed for the determination of these elements in atmospheric aerosol particles using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace ato
Current market trends for industrial automation are the need for customizable production, shorter time to market, and powerful global competitive pressure. Based on these trends two challenges have been identified: 1) flexible production systems and 2) integration and utilization of devices and software. Applications from both process automation, manufacturing, and robotics have been considered.
Terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) contain the coupling of many biogeochemical processes with a large number of parameters involved. In many cases those parameters are highly uncertain. In order to reduce those uncertainties, parameter estimation methods can be applied, which allow the model to be constrained against observations. We compare the performance and results of two such parameter estim
In this paper we present a model of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and fluxes in mire water based on the convection-dispersion equation. The dynamics of sorbed, potentially soluble organic carbon (SPSOC) in the peat matrix are simulated in parallel with DOC. First, the model is applied solely to stagnant water conditions in order to interpret the results of laboratory peat incub
A new mechanistic model of drug release by osmotic pumping and diffusion from pellets coated with a semipermeable film developing pores created by the leaching of water-soluble compounds initially present in the coating, has been developed. The model describes dynamically all the main processes occurring during release, i.e. the inflow of solvent driven by the difference in osmotic pressure across
A QM/MM investigation of the active-ready (Hox) form of [FeFe]-hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans, in which the electronic properties of all Fe-S clusters (H, F and F') have been simultaneously described using DFT, was carried out with the aim of disclosing a possible interplay between the H-cluster and the accessory iron-sulfur clusters in the initial steps of the catalytic process leading to H2 f
Why are sensory signals and motor command signals combined in the neurons of origin of the spinocerebellar pathways and why are the granule cells that receive this input thresholded with respect to their spike output? In this paper, we synthesize a number of findings into a new hypothesis for how the spinocerebellar systems and the cerebellar cortex can interact to support coordination of our mult
