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Objective: Synovitis is thought to be a secondary phenomenon in the osteoarthritis (OA) process and the menisci might be triggers of localized synovitis. The aim was to assess the cross-sectional associations of posterior horn meniscal damage with perimeniscal synovitis, and with synovitis posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using contrast enhanced (CE) MRI. Design: The Multicenter

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in addition to conventional preoperative radiological investigations in a defined group of patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and methods. In total, 103 patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer defi

Isoprene is emitted from many terrestrial plants at high rates, accounting for an estimated 1/3 of annual global volatile organic compound emissions from all anthropogenic and biogenic sources combined. Through rapid photooxidation reactions in the atmosphere, isoprene is converted to a variety of oxidized hydrocarbons, providing higher order reactants for the production of organic nitrates and tr

G-protein-regulated inward-rectifier potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) is reported to be expressed only within certain dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), although very limited data are available in humans. We examined the localization of GIRK2 in the SN and adjacent ventral tegmental area (VTA) of humans and mice by using either neuromelanin pigment or immunolabeling with tyrosine hydroxylas

Endotoxin exposure is associated with wheeze and asthma morbidity, while early life exposure may reduce risk of allergy and asthma. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare endotoxin results from different laboratories and environments. We undertook this study to determine if lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) extraction efficiency could account for differences among laboratories. We generated and collect

Objective. Previous population studies have suggested that both rheumatoid factor (RF) production and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be declining in occurrence, and. both secular and birth-cohort influences have been implicated. Since Pima Indians have a very high incidence of RA and also have shown recent evidence or a decline in RA, this study evaluated the relative contributions of age, secular,

We have studied how low pH affects the water-oxidizing complex in Photosystem II when depleted of the essential Ca2+ ion cofactor. For these samples, it was found that the EPR signal from the YZ radical decays faster at low pH than at high pH. At 20 C, YZ decays with biphasic kinetics. At pH 6.5, the fast phase encompasses about 65% of the amplitude and has a lifetime of ~0.8 s, while the slow pha

Aims: This study looked at whether oral desmopressin, by decreasing kidney urine production, would prolong bladder filling-time thereby increasing the time to reach maximum capacity, thus reducing overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, and providing an alternative method of treatment to OAB sufferers. Methods: An investigator-initiated, 2-week, multi-national, multi-centre, "proof-of-concept," phase I

The Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) is developing predictive numerical models for simulating the waves, currents, sediment transport, and morphology change at and around coastal inlets. Water motion at a coastal inlet is a combination of quasi-steady currents such as river flow, tidal current, wind-generated current, and seiching, and of oscillatory flows generated by surface waves. Waves c

BACKGROUND: A role for the transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 ion channel in rat lower urinary tract (LUT) sensation and disease has been proposed, but in the human LUT no information on TRPA1 activity is available. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 in the human urethra and to study the effect of TRPA1 agonists on isolated urethral strip preparations. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PA

As a consequence of heightened concern for the greenhouse effect, depleting oil reserves and skyrocketing oil prices, renewable fuels, Such as bioethanol, are becoming increasingly important. Cellulosic biomass like wood, agricultural residue and herbaceous material is a huge, cheap natural resource that can be used for ethanol production. Decreasing production costs through technological developm

Nitrogen (N) is often considered to be the major factor limiting tree growth in northern forest ecosystems. An increased N availability, however, increases the demand for other nutrients such as base cations and phosphorous (P) which in turn may change which nutrient is the limiting factor. If P or base cations become limiting, N will start to leach which means a risk of increased eutrophication o

An improved Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is presented which is applicable to high density ratio 3D flows for a large range of bubble Reynolds number (Re). The method is based on the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible multi-phase flows which are discretized on a Cartesian staggered grid. The multi-grid technique together with the pressure-velocity coupling scheme for multi-phase flows have

Introduction. There are few published guidelines for the management of sexual dysfunctions in men and women, despite the prevalence and lack of attention to these problems. Disorders of sexual function in men include erectile dysfunction, orgasm/ejaculation disorders, priapism, and Peyronie's disease. Aim. To provide evidence-based and expert-opinion consensus guidelines for the clinical managemen

Most of the world's energy generation is based on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which already today but even more in the future, will cause various problems. One issue is their limited availability, which stands in conflict to the increasing global energy consumption. Another problem is the carbon dioxide generation caused by burning fossil fuels for energy production, and is thought to be on

A rapid (6.5 min) and simple one-step magnetic immunoassay (MIA) has been developed for analysis of human urinary albumin in near patient settings. Polyclonal rabbit anti-human albumin was used as a capture antibody and monoclonal mouse anti-human albumin as a detection antibody in a two-site immunometric assay requiring no additional washing procedures. The polyclonal anti-human albumin was conju

Background: Cell death induced by intracellutar glutathione depletion has been reported to be dependent on the presence of trace amounts of extracellular copper ions. Since little is known about the relationship between glutathione depletion and copper homeostasis, we have in the present study further investigated the role of low amounts of copper ions in glutathione depletion. Methods: Glutathion

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the reliability of nailfold capillary assessment in terms of image evaluability, image severity grade ('normal', 'early', 'active', 'late'), capillary density, capillary (apex) width, and presence of giant capillaries, and also to gain further insight into differences in these parameters between patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), patients with primary Raynaud

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) includes well-established methods to study the local structure around the absorbing element - extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and the effective oxidation number or to quantitatively determine the speciation of an element in a complex matrix - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The increased brilliance and intensities available at the