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Responding of individuals outside the conspecific range has been largely explained by biases in sensory or cognitive systems toward particular traits or trait values. More recently, it has been shown that such responses might occur if individuals still respond to signal traits that have been lost over time. However, empirical evidence remains scarce. We report a case supporting the latter mechanis

Mechanical stress influences cell- and tissue-scale processes across all kingdoms. It remains challenging to delineate how mechanical stress, originating at these different length scales, impacts cell and tissue form. We combine growth tracking of cells, quantitative image analysis, as well as molecular and mechanical perturbations to address this problem in pavement cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

Avian influenza viruses pose a serious zoonotic threat, in part because current seasonal influenza virus vaccines only offer strain-specific protection, instead of heterosubtypic or universal protection against influenza virus infection. Understanding the humoral response to vaccination and natural infection in the broadest context possible is important to developing defenses against influenza zoo

A new method for measuring the rate of in-vitro starch digestion in products with a structure 'as eaten' is introduced. An equivalent amount of potentially available starch from each product was chewed by subjects, expectorated into a beaker and incubated with pepsin. The incubate was thereafter transferred to a dialysis tubing and incubated with pancreatic α-amylase for 3 h. Samples were removed

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of residual beta-cell function on glucagon secretion and glucose counter-regulation following hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The hormonal counter-regulatory responses to standardized insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were investigated, 18 patients with type 1 diabetes of long duration and 12 healthy subjects were investigated. Nine of the d

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections, with nasal colonization an important first step for disease. While cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease, underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This is partly due to a lack of clinically relevant animal models investigating nasal pneumococcal colonization in the context of cigarette

We examined the effect of GH supplementation on the psychological capacity and sense of well-being in 36 patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD). Recombinant human GH was given in a 21-month cross-over, double blind trial, and quality of life was assessed by using three self-rating questionnaires: the Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the Psychologic

OBJECTIVES: To compare treatment retention and response to secukinumab vs adalimumab, including the other four TNF inhibitors (TNFi) as comparators, in PsA. METHODS: All patients with PsA starting secukinumab or a TNFi in 2015-2018 were identified in the biologic registers of the Nordic countries. Data on comorbidities were linked from national registers. One-year treatment retention and hazard ra

Although the communication aspects of sport and football organizations are receiving in-creased scholarly attention, research from the perspective of fans of such organizations has mostly been neglected. This study problematizes the gap that exists be-tween the current social media communication of football organizations, that tend to be guided by commercial interests, and the expectation of fans

In vivo microdialysis was used to monitor noradrenalin (NA) release in the rat hippocampus, sensorimotor cortex and amygdala in response to seizures induced by electrical kindling stimulation in the hippocampus. Generalized seizures increased NA output in the hippocampus five-fold above baseline level (as assessed with 2-min sampling periods). The peak value was seen 2 - 4 min after onset of seizu

Background: Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) constituent of the extracellular matrix with roles in cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The role of the HS side chains in regulating invivo angiogenesis after hind-limb ischemia is unknown. Methods: Heparan sulfate (HS)-deficient perlecan (Hspg2 δ3/δ3

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att förstå mekanismen som bestämmer djurs beteende är inte lätt. Genom att studera beteendet hos enklare djur kan man göra det mer förståeligt. Om man vill studera ljusstyrt beteende är det enklaste djuret att använda en manet från karibiska området vid namn Tripedalia cystophora. Denna manet har ögon som liknar människans ögon. De lever i vattnet i mangroveskogar och äMost animals use eyes to guide their behaviour. Analysing, and understanding, visually guided behaviours gets more complicated the more advanced the animal gets. Box jellyfish provide a relatively simple system for understanding visually guided behaviours. They have a limited nervous system, but they also possess a visual system that is quite impressive for a jellyfish. Box jellyfish have 24 eyes