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Popular Abstract in Swedish Att mäta det icke observerbara: Vilka chefer väljs till toppositioner? Rekrytering och urval av chefer präglas till stor del av informationsosäkerhet. Det är svårt att utvärdera chefers prestationer, då deras ansvarsområde består av så många aspekter, då de behöver stor frihet i sitt arbete och därför inte kan kontrolleras alltför mycket och då deras arbete påverkas avRecruitment and selection of managers is to a large degree characterized by information uncertainty. Managers’ performance is difficult to evaluate, as their responsibility consists of so many different aspects, as they may not always be observed due to need for freedom of action and as their work is affected by factors in their environment, which are outside of their control. Also, selection deci

Popular Abstract in Swedish SVENSK POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING (SUMMARY IN SWEDISH) Vi kommer dagligen i kontakt med kemiska ämnen av olika slag. Med till exempel mat och dryck, läkemedel, tobaksrökning och miljögifter får vi i oss ämnen som kan vara skadliga för oss. Vi är dock utrustade med ett ordentligt reningsverk, framför allt är det levern som ser till att farliga ämnen bryts ner ochCytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of the majority of clinically used drugs. We have studied the CYP mediated metabolism of quinoline 3-carboxamides, a group of synthetic immunomodulators in liver microsomal preparations from various species. Roquinimex, the lead compound, was found to be metabolised by CYPs to hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites. A similar metabolite patter

This report summarizes findings and recommendations from 24 case studies from seven participating countries addressing performance indicator benchmarking at a sectoral, national or international scale. Their distribution in scope is: – benchmarking systems and indicators (4 case studies) – offices (7 case studies) – housing (6 case studies) – school and nursery (4 case studies) – shopping centres

Research student learning and supervision has become an increasing concern for many stakeholders inside and outside the universities. As a result, universities are in different ways trying to enhance doctoral education, often through activities aimed at research supervisors.In this paper we claim that research supervision and its relation to research student learning is poorly conceptualised in un

We report on large-scale ab initio multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations for important multiplets including the UV 0.01 multiplet, 2s(2)2p(2)P(J-)2s2p(24)P(J'), in O IV. The resulting transition probabilities should be accurate to +/- 5%-10% for intersystem lines and 1% or better for permitted lines. We present new calculations of line emission coefficients using these transition probabilit

Background: In resource-limited settings the monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) patients is challenging, and early identification of TB patients with a high mortality risk is important. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively whether early changes in a clinical scoring system (TB score) can predict treatment outcome in Ethiopian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: TB patients

The aim of this thesis is to study early life risk exposures in relation to adult health and mortality in Sweden during 250 years. A number of causal mechanisms by which exposure to diseases and stressful economic and social conditions early in life may lead to increased morbidity and mortality later in life are discussed (paper I). The early life exposures investigated are the foetal origins (nut

Objective: To examine foetal lung blood perfusion using power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) and to compare fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) and mean pixel intensity (MPI) estimations in the lungs of normally grown (NG) foetuses and foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and also to correlate foetal lung FMBV and MPI with respiratory complications after birth. Methods: Lungs of 47 NG

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential for holographic interferometry to be used for diffusion studies of large molecules in gels. The diffusion and partitioning of BSA (67,000 g/mol) and pullulans (5,900-112,000 g/mol) in agarose gel were investigated. The gel diffusion coefficients obtained for BSA were higher when distilled water was used as a solvent compared to those obtained

We report high-pressure Raman, infrared (IR), and optical-absorption spectra of alpha-ZrMo2O8 (trigonal) up to 38 GPa at room temperature. The spectroscopic studies are consistent with diffraction results that show that alpha-ZrMo2O8 transforms into delta-ZrMo2O8 (monoclinic) at about 1 GPa and the delta phase converts to the epsilon phase (trielinic) at about 2.0 GPa. Optical-absorption measureme

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin processing to the improved meal-related B-cell function previously shown with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin. Fifty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (56.5 +/- 1.5 years; BMI=29.6 +/- 0.5kg/m(2); FPG = 9.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; HbA1c=7.7 +/- 0.1 %) were studied: 29 pateients were treated with vildagliptin and 26 patients with placebo,

Uniquely amongst vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins, protein C interacts via its Gla domain both with a receptor, the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), and with phospholipids. We have studied naturally occurring and recombinant protein C Gla domain variants for soluble (s)EPCR binding, cell surface activation to activated protein C (APC) by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex, and

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients (≤50 years of age) appears to be increasing. However, their clinicopathological characteristics and survival are controversial. Likewise, the biomarkers are unclear. We used the West China (2008-2013, China), Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-2011, United States) and Linköping Cancer (1972-2009, Sweden) databases to

Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting: 24-Hour dietary recalls were collected by means of standardised computer-guided interviews in 27 redefined EPIC centres across 10 European countries. Subjects: From an initial number of

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen handlar om lungornas funktion hos för tidigt födda (prematura) barn med brist på surfaktant, ett ämne som normalt ska finnas i lungorna, och hur lungfunktionen hos sådana barn kan förbättras genom tillförsel av det saknade ämnet utifrån. I avhandlingen har också använts en djurmodell (för tidigt födda lamm) för att studera hur konstgjord andning vid födelseThe thesis investigates lung function and the effects of rescue surfactant treatment in mechanically ventilated preterm human infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and the effects of ventilation at birth on the response to surfactant supplementation in preterm lambs. To assess lung function, the author recorded static pressure-volume (P-V) curves during passive deflation from total lun

The effect of moderate hypoglycemia (p-glucose, 2.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/L; mean +/- SD) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in a group of 10 healthy, right-handed men (aged 23 to 28 years) using an intravenous xenon 133 single photon emission computed tomography technique (SPECT). After 10 minutes of hypoglycemia, global CBF had increased to 46.3 +/- 9.6 mL/100 g/min compared with the init

Popular Abstract in Swedish Två händelser i tumörutvecklingen för en tumörcell är att erhålla okontrollerad celltillväxt och invasiva egenskaper. Detta tillåter tumöran att växa in i den omkringliggande vävnaden. I denna avhandling har vi specifikt studerat p16 och ERK1/2 med speciell fokus på förhållandet mellan invasion och proliferation i hudcancer och bröstcancer. Basalcellscancer har ett disTwo key events in the oncogenic process of tumor cells are to acquire uncontrolled proliferation and invasive properties. This allows the tumor to grow and invade beyond the tissue from which the tumor cells originate. We here specifically studied p16 and ERK1/2 with special focus on and the relation to proliferation and invasion in non-melanoma skin cancer and in breast cancer. In a model system

The mechanism of the reaction of ketene with hydroxyl radical has been studied by ab initio CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVQZ-F12//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations of the potential energy surface. Temperature- and pressure-dependent reaction rate constants have been computed using the RRKM-Master Equation and transition state theory methods in the temperature range of 300–3000 K and in the pressure range of 0.01–

The New Horizons flyby of the cold classical Kuiper Belt object MU69 showed it to be a contact binary. The existence of other contact binaries in the 1–10 km range raises the question of how common these bodies are and how they evolved into contact. Here we consider that the pre-contact lobes of MU69 formed as a binary embedded in the Solar nebula, and calculate its subsequent orbital evolution in

Background: Women who deliver pre-term have been reported to have increased future risks of cardiometabolic disorders. However, their long-term risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and whether such risks are due to shared familial factors are unclear. A better understanding of these risks may help improve long-term clinical follow-up and interventions to prevent IHD in women. Objectives: The purp