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This study explored the ability of blind and sighted listeners to detect reflections, "echoes", of burst trains or continuous noise. Echo detection was compared by presenting 5 ms bursts, rates from 1 to 64 bursts, with a continuous white noise, all during 500 ms. Sounds were recorded in an ordinary room through an artificial binaural head, the loudspeaker 1 m behind it. The reflecting object was

In order to facilitate bone graft harvesting and to get more mouldable bone graft in posterolateral fusions of the lower lumbar spine, a modified technique of bone graft harvesting was utilized. Through a midline skin incision the most posterolateral part of an iliac crest was ground with a reamer to a smooth bone paste. The technique was used in lumbar posterolateral fusions without osteosynthesi

Ekonomiskt bistånd är det svenska välfärdssystemets yttersta skyddsnät. Biståndet syftar till att ge tillfälligt ekonomiskt stöd till dem som inte har några andra sätt att försörja sig, eller när inkomster eller socialförsäkringsförmåner inte räcker. Ekonomiskt bistånd regleras av SoL, en målrationell ramlag som redogör för vad biståndet ämnar åstadkomma snarare än att detaljstyra handläggningen oSocial assistance is the last safety net of the Swedish welfare system. It is designed to aid those individuals whom cannot support themselves through funds or income, including any form of social security. The Social Services Act, the law that regulates social assistance, is a framework law which focuses on the outcome of the assistance rather than the basis of eligibility assessment. At the same

When does the mind begin? Infant psychology is mysterious in part because we cannot remember our first months of life, nor can we directly communicate with infants. Even more speculative is the possibility of mental life prior to birth. The question of when consciousness, or subjective experience, begins in human development thus remains incompletely answered, though boundaries can be set using cu

Background. A once commonly held belief was that surgery is too complicated, too expensive, and too ineffectively addressing a too minor proportion of the burden of disease to deserve priority in a setting of scarce healthcare resources in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, essential surgical care can be as highly cost-effective as other common public health interventions, and surgical service

The aTfaRel2/faRel2 operon from Coprobacillus sp. D7 encodes a bicistronic type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) module. The FaRel2 toxin is a toxic small alarmone synthetase (toxSAS) that inhibits translation through the pyrophosphorylation of uncharged tRNAs at the 3'-CCA end. The toxin is neutralized by the antitoxin ATfaRel2 through the formation of an inactive TA complex. Here, the production, biophys

We present a method to produce small pitch gratings for X-ray interferometric imaging applications, allowing the phase sensitivity to be increased and/or the length of the laboratory setup to be minimized. The method is based on fabrication of high aspect ratio silicon microstructures using deep reactive ion etching (Bosch technique) of dense grating arrays and followed by conformal electroplating

ObjectivesCancer related pain (CRP) is among the most frequent collateral effects of cancer, with chronic CRP, lasting at least three months, affecting >40% of cancer survivors.Evidence based treatments, including pain-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) are available, but it appears that cancer patients/survivors are often poorlyinformed about CRP or the potential benefits of CBT for such p

ObjectivesTo study if active sun exposure among women affects the risk of developing GCA or PMR in a prospective cohort study with restricted latitudinal variability.MethodsWe linked the response to questions relating to sun exposure from the Melanoma Inquiry in Southern Sweden (MISS) prospective cohort study in women to the risk of developing GCA or PMR. Healthcare data were gathered from the Skå

In the present study, the operation performance of an ultralow-temperature cascade refrigeration freezer is experimentally researched. The natural refrigerants R290-R170 are adopted as high-temperature and low-temperature fluids. The experimental test is conducted in a type laboratory with a dry bulb temperature of 32.0 °C and a wet bulb temperature of 26.5 °C. Different state monitors are set to

Background: Despite reported tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate of 86%, TB remains a leading cause of death in Ethiopia. We investigated patient and provider-specific factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in Ethiopian health facilities providing TB care. Methods: Data on characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients registered for TB treatment at 15 public health facili

The formation of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3 ) nanocrystal superlattices (NC SLs) is accompanied by a red shift in the NC photoluminescence (PL). The values of the PL red shift reported in the literature range from none to 100 meV without unifying explanation of the differences. Using a combination of confocal PL microcopy and steady-state optical spectroscopies we found that an overall PL red s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Polymerer är samlingsnamnet på långa molekylkedjor. Runt omkring oss i vårt dagliga liv är vi omgärdade av polymerer så som plaster, lim, fibrer och proteiner. Utvecklingen av många högteknologiska produkter är starkt beroende av polymera material. Grundläggande kunskaper om dem och deras egenskaper är därför viktigt. I ett batteri kan många fördelar erhållas då den koThere is a growing need for multifunctional polymeric materials for the development of several important energy conversion technologies. For example, the polymer electrolyte is a key component in lithium polymer batteries. The basic functions of this electrolyte are to efficiently conduct the lithium ions and physically separate the electrodes. Consequently, these electrolytes should ideally posse

The purpose of the study is to offer an interpretation of surrealism as lived experience or, more exactly, an interpretation of the ways in which the Surrealists themselves respond to and conceive of this experience. Thus, emphasis is put on surrealism as event and process, not as a historically limited phenomenon. The prime source of knowledge about this kind of experience, however, remains Surre

Denna studie undersöker de aspekter som påverkar det musikaliska framförandet mellan pianoackompanjatör och sångare. Studien undersöker även de förhållningssätt och musikaliska verktyg ackompanjatörer och sångare har att tillgå inom denna musikaliska konstellation inom olika genrer. Studien har studerat musikexempel som är typiska inom K-pop, jazz och västerländsk konstmusik samt gjort fyra kvaliThis study examines the aspects that affects the musical performance between an accompanist and a singer. It also examines the different tools and approaches the accompanist and the singer have at their disposal in different genres. The study has examined three performances from three different genres and conducted four interviews with two pianists and two singers. The study shows that the activit

Aggressiv skatteplanering har i takt med den digitala ekonomin blivit alltmer vanligt. På grund av multinationella företags globala natur har dessa en fördel i skattehänseenden genom att de kan flytta vinster mellan länder i syfte att betala mindre skatt. Både inom OECD och EU pågår ett ständigt arbete med att minska den aggressiva skatteplaneringen globalt. Genom BEPS-projektet har ett par verktyIn the more digital economy aggressive tax planning has become increasingly common. Due to their global nature, multinational corporations can move profits between countries in order to reduce their taxes. Both the OECD and the EU are continuously working to reduce the aggressive tax planning globally. Through the BEPS project several tools have been developed. One of these is country-by-country-r

Mental illness has increasingly become a problem throughout the world and is believed to cost the global economy $16 trillion by 2030. Consequently, a growing body of literature investigates the possible causes of mental illness and more specifically, possible early life circumstances which may affect adult mental health. Limited research exists though in terms of exposure to recessions in utero a