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We analyzed a cohort of 599 cases of urothelial carcinoma for EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3 gene expression and genomic alterations. The cohort consisted of a reference set (n = 292) comprising all stages and grades and one set (n = 307) of advanced tumors. All cases were previously classified into urothelial carcinoma molecular subtypes. Genomic amplifications were established by array-CGH or in-situ hy

An arabinose specific xylanase from glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) was used to hydrolyse wheat and rye arabinoxylan, and the product profile showed that it produced arabinose substituted oligosaccharides (AXOS) having 2-10 xylose residues in the main chain but no unsubstituted xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Molecular modelling showed that the active site has an open structure and that the hydroxy

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Islet autoantibodies are important in diabetes classification and risk assessment, and as endpoints in observational studies. The Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP) aims to improve and standardise measurement of autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. We report results for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and islet antigen-2 autoantibodie

Objectives: To explore the cost-effectiveness of early biologic treatment, followed by dose-reduction in the case of remission, of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with standard treatment with methotrexate (MTX) in Sweden.Methods: Effectiveness (function, disease activity, erosions) in early RA for both alternatives was taken from a clinical trial comparing etanercept (ETA) combined with

Background: For elderly people living in nursing homes, a transport to hospital for a radiological examination can lead to increased anxiety, disorientation and other problems related to the new environment. Objective: To investigate the usefulness of a mobile radiography service for radiological assessment of patients in nursing homes from the patient and staff perspectives. Methods: Lightweight

BACKGROUND:: This study aimed to assess mid-term outcome after endovascular revascularization of chronic occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) and to identify possible predictors of mortality. METHODS:: Consecutive patients undergoing primary elective stenting for CMI between 1995 and 2007 were registered prospectively in a database. Patients with acute ischaemia were excluded. Retrospective case-n

Background: BARD1 was originally identified as a BRCA1- interacting protein but has also been described in tumour-suppressive functions independent of BRCA1. Several studies have indicated that the BARD1 gene is a potential target for germline changes predisposing to breast and ovarian cancer. The C- terminal Cys557Ser change has previously been uncovered to associate with an increased risk of bre

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kaféet är en mötesplats. Alla möten vilar på gränser - på gränser mellan de som möts, som umgänget frambringar. ”Kafékultur, kommunikation och gränser” är en studie av det sociala livet på kaféer, som utvecklar den socialpsykologiska innebörden av gränsen. Den kan ses som ett bidrag till förståelsen av vår tids informella och elementära sociala liv – intressant inte minThe café is a social meeting place. An as yet un-moulded aspect of social life is boundaries – how meetings rest on boundaries between participants that their intercourse brings forth. The aim of this dissertation is to study the café as a sociological and social–psychological phenomenon and at the same time contribute to forming the social–psychological aspect of boundaries. The study also contri

Inom den genusrättsvetenskapliga framställningen har författare framfört hur 1951 års konvention om flyktingars rättsliga ställning utformats och tolkats utifrån ett manligt perspektiv. Det kan, enligt bland andra Maria Bexelius, förklaras genom att kön påverkar rätten. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vad begreppet ”kön” innebär och om det kan anses påverka bedömningen av vilka omstäPer literature in the field of gender studies, the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was drafted and has been interpreted from a male perspective. Pursuant to Maria Bexelius, this is an outcome of how gender affects the law. By studying the meaning of “gender” this essay aims to examine how gender affects the judgement of which circumstances that constitute persecution for reasons

This research aims to understand the frames used by conspiracy theorists by establishing a new pathway in media framing, or in other words a media framing micro-theory, called conspiratorial framing​. The aims are accomplished through a critical analysis of the case of Alex Jones, a conspiracy theorist, and InfoWars, the media channel through which Jones operates. Through frame analysis, accomplis

Fokus på plast i mark och jord: mikroplasters effekt på organismer i jord undersökt med ny teknologi inom jordekologi frågor. De enorma plastutsläppen till naturen är idag ett välkänt problem. Det är också välkänt att plast bryts ner till mindre partiklar med andra effekter, så kallade mikro- och nanoplaster. Allmänheten har visat stort intresse kring plastproblematiken i haven och mycket forskniThis study aims to investigate if micro- and nanoparticles of polystyrene affect microorganisms in soil. This was tested by using microfluidic chips, which are new for investigation of soil ecology questions, providing artificial channels reflecting soil conditions as well as being transparent for seeing real-time interactions. Eight microfluidic chips were made; four were filled with a micro- and

I dagens samhälle är ett hållbart alternativ till fossiltbränsle högt efterfrågat. Biobränsle är ett alternativ, men om detta alternativ ska vara optimalt, måste det härstamma från ett billigt och lättillgängligt material, som t.ex. cellulosa. Cellulosa finns i bl.a. växtcellväggar och är uppbyggd av sockerenheter (glykos) i en väldigt stabil struktur vilket är en bra egenskap när den sitter i växIn this thesis the enzyme Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is investigated. The LPMOs have captured the interest of the biofuel industry due to their ability to boost the breakdown of cellulose. Researchers have progressed in mapping out the mechanism behind this oxidative reaction. However, there are still many uncertainties concerning the intermediates involved and the role of certain a

Ett mycket ofta debatterat ämne är vad som ska omfattas inom straffansvaret för våldtäkt och hur den rättsliga prövningen ska gå till. Genom den debatt som förevarit har tankar och idéer kring begreppet våldtäkt som sådant uppkommit. Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är därför att närmare undersöka begreppet våldtäkt och dess innebörd över tiden. Uppsatsen avser att besvara om och i vilkenA topic very often debated is what should fall within the crime definition for rape and how the judicial proceedings should be formed. Thoughts and ideas about the term rape have emerged from the debate that has taken place. The overall purpose of this essay is therefore to examine the meaning of rape and how the meaning of rape has developed over time. What this essay intends to answer is if, and

This report deals with the damping of sub-synchronous oscillations in power systems. The method is based on estimation of the generator rotor angle and shaft speed, by measuring the line current and the voltage across a phase-compensating series capacitor. These two signals are probably not sufficient, so a line-to-ground voltage measurement is added. However, this means increased costs. A thyrist

I svensk skatterätt beskattas varje aktiebolag var för sig enligt principen om det enskilda skattesubjektet. Det finns emellertid undantag till denna huvudregel, för att tillmötesgå skattemässig neutralitet för koncerner. Koncernbidragsreglerna i 35 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) utgör ett viktigt inslag i koncernbeskattningen, genom att tillåta resultatutjämning mellan koncernbolag utifrån sIn Swedish tax law every company is taxed separately, according to the principle of the separate tax subject. There are, however, several exceptions to this rule, in order to accommodate tax neutrality in respect to taxation of corporate groups. The rules on group contributions in chapter 35 of the Income Tax Act (1999:1229) is a substantial part of the rules on group taxation, allowing tax equali

Sitting in a high chair gives a feeling of security and of having control - you get an overview of the room you are in. But high chairs are often difficult to get up on, you feel clumsy, there is no good support for your feet and they are often quite uncomfortable. The research I have done shows that many people therefore reject the high chair, despite the positive feelings it can also give. Thos

The aim of the project was to develop a methodology for the chromatographic analysis able to identify the key odorants in meaty food products. The approach was based on the analysis of an already in market product and the theoretical background of the meaty flavors sensorially. Firstly, a custom-made flavor was created for the experiments covering as much as possible a broad area of compounds prec

FN:s råd för mänskliga rättigheter har flera gånger uppmärksammat det växande problemet med juridiska trakasserier mot journalister i världen. I ett fungerande demokratiskt samhälle är det viktigt att skydda så väl yttrande- som pressfrihet. Rådet har betonat att regler kring ärekränkning utnyttjas för att tysta ner den offentlig debatten och granskningen av makten. Vanligtvis går den här bestraffThe UN Human Rights Council has several times addressed the expanding issue of judicial harassments against journalists around the world. In a functioning democracy, it is important to protect the freedom of expression and the freedom of the press. The Council has emphasized that laws on defamation are used to intimidate public debate and public scrutiny. Generally, the term for this method is str

Sammanfattning Uppsatsen behandlar den under senare tiden hett debatterade frågan om huruvida koranbränningarna utgör hets mot folkgrupp eller om de ska tillåtas med hänvisning till den grundlagsskyddade yttrandefriheten. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i den rättsdogmatiska metoden, vilket innebär att rättskällor såsom lagtext, förarbeten och praxis har studerats och analyserats. FrågeställningarnSummary This essay addresses the question of whether the action of burning the Quran is an incitement to racial hatred or if it should be permitted in consideration to the constitutional right of freedom of expression. The essay uses the legal dogmatic method, which means that legal sources such as legal text, preparatory works and case law have been studied and analyzed. The research questions an