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Rwanda has undertaken a land registration and titling program since 2008 with a registration of 10.3 million land parcels in 2013. The aim of this paper is to investigate the early effects of the program on tenure security and agricultural investments since few studies have been carried out in this research area. The study was undertaken in Musanze district in Northern Rwanda, with specific focus
This article aims to offer an overview of the rise, growth and diversification of academic music research in Sweden. ‘Research in music’ is suggested as a comprehensive term, covering all kinds of research relating to music.In 1915 the Swedish University Chancellor’s office established a syllabus for ‘music history and theory’ at Lund University. The syllabus was initiated by Tobias Norlind, and i
PURPOSE: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) as a form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction is a limiting factor to the survival of lung transplant recipients. Detection and monitoring of chronic rejection is hampered by a lack of clinically available markers. Particles in exhaled air (PExA) is proposed as a noninvasive means of potentially identifying and observing BOS patients. This pilot s
Polyacrylamide beads and celite were used for immobilization of bovine α-chymotrypsin and lipase B from Candida antarctica. Polyacrylamides with a high degree of cross-linking afforded high catalytic rates when used as immobilization matrices. Derivatization of the polymer with carboxyl and tertiary amino groups prior to immobilization caused no significant changes in α-chymotrypsin behavior. The
The influence of solvents on enzymatic activity and stability was investigated. As a model reaction the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed esterification of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine with ethanol was used. The enzyme was adsorbed on porous glass beads and used in various solvents. Small amounts of water were added to increase the enzymatic activity. These enzyme preparations obeyed. Michaelis-Menten kinetics
We consider a class of pattern graphs on (formula presented) vertices that have q-2 distinguished vertices with equal neighborhood in the remaining two vertices. Two pattern graphs in this class are siblings if they differ by some edges connecting the distinguished vertices. In particular, we show that if induced copies of siblings to a pattern graph in such a class are rare in the host graph then
IMPORTANCE Prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, and bone metastases are associated with pathologic fractures, pain, and reduced survival. Bone disease is routinely visualized using the technetium Tc 99m(99mTc) bone scan; however, the standard interpretation of bone scan data relies on subjective manual assessment of counting metastatic lesion numbers. There is an unmet need for an object
METHODS: This was a multicentre, international, observer-masked, randomised controlled trial of people with diabetes and a hard-to-heal foot ulcer done in 32 specialist diabetic foot clinics in three countries (UK, Denmark, and Sweden). After a 4-week run-in period, those with a reduction in ulcer area of less than 50% were randomly allocated (1:1) by computer-generated, web-based randomisation (b
Objective: This study assessed a national healthcare intervention launched in Sweden in 2015 to reduce the time between macroscopic haematuria, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract cancer. Methods: The outcome of the first 11 months was evaluated in 1697 individuals referred to a standardized care pathway for urinary tract cancer compared with 174 patients with conventionally diagnosed urothel
Epidemiologic data on peritoneal mesothelioma are scarce but exposure to asbestos is an identified risk factor. To characterize the disease, time trends, age-incidence relationships, and occupational risk factors for peritoneal mesothelioma were studied based on the Swedish Family-Database covering years 1961 to 1998. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease and only 96 male and 113 female cases
Context: White matter lesions (WML) are caused by obstruction of small cerebral vessels associated with stroke risk. Craniopharyngioma (CP) patients suffer from increased cerebrovascular mortality. Objective: To investigate the effect of reduced HT volume and cranial radiotherapy (CRT) on WML in childhood-onset CP patients. Design: A cross-sectional study of 41 patients (24 women) surgically treat
We study the problem of obtaining lower bounds for polynomial calculus (PC) and polynomial calculus resolution (PCR) on proof degree, and hence by [Impagliazzo et al. '99] also on proof size. [Alekhnovich and Razborov'03] established that if the clause-variable incidence graph of a CNF formula F is a good enough expander, then proving that F is unsatisfiable requires high PC/PCR degree. We further
Introduction Longer travel times are associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Geospatial modelling has been increasingly used to estimate geographic proximity in emergency obstetric care. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between modelled and patient-reported travel times and to evaluate its clinical relevance. Methods Women who delivered by caesarean sect
We studied the effects of predatory crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), the non-lethal effects of fish chemical cues (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and the combined effects of crayfish and fish chemical cues on the performance of tadpoles of two co-existing anuran species, Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, in experimental pools. We also examined grazing effects on periphyton, the main food source for the ta
Summary: Topical butyrate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Butyrate is derived from colonic fermentation of dietary fiber, and our aim was to study whether UC patients could safely increase the fecal butyrate level by dietary means. We enrolled 22 patients with quiescent UC (mean age, 44 years; 45% women; median time from last relapse, 1 year) in a contro
BACKGROUND: Epicardial mapping is a powerful tool that has enabled us to gain insight into the electrical phenomena perpetuating atrial fibrillation and has guided the design of surgical and catheter-based therapeutic strategies. However, epicardial data are acquired during abnormal physiological conditions; the patients are anaesthetized, their chests opened, dislocating the heart and exposing it
Adverse and analgesic effects of acupuncture during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were studied retrospectively in an observational study including 167 consecutive patients with lower back pain, pelvic pain, or both. In each patient acupuncture was given on at least two different occasions by three manual stimulations of two or more acupuncture or tender points, mainly LR-3 and LI-4
The industrial formulations for the thermodynamic properties of water/steam, which are approximations of the scientific one, are intended to be used in applications where computational speed is of importance, such as in power plant modelling and control. The traditional methods for implementing these tables in software imply either the use of polynomial algorithms, which demand long iteration time
