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The current Spark Ignited (SI) engine equipped with three-way catalyst offers low emissions, but has low efficiency at part load, which results in unnecessarily high CO2 emissions. The Compression Ignited (CI) engines have higher efficiency and hence lower CO2 emissions, but suffer from higher Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions, and no three-way catalyst can be used. Large

Theories of democracy consider communicative interaction among citizens central, In recent years the idea of deliberative democracy has galvanised elements of political theory with perspectives on communication. This concept emerges to a large extent from the Habermasian trajectory and links currents from theories of civil society and citizenship. It has thus a rather forceful normative dimension.

This article describes the first Swedish experience with fertility preserving surgery according to the technique of Dargent. Minimally invasive methods gain acceptance in the treatment of other tumours and this method seems to treat adequately and preserve function. The literature is reviewed and discussed. In Sweden about 25-40 women under 30 years of age are each year diagnosed with cancer of th

Ultrafiltration was used during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with heart-lung machine in 17 critically ill cardiac patients. In ultrafiltration (hemofiltration), water and small molecules (e.g. urea, creatinine and electrolytes), are separated from the blood by hydrostatic pressure generated on the blood side of a semipermeable membrane. The patients had severe water overload for three reasons,

The aim of the present Study was to investigate whether plasma concentration of proANP(1-30), the N-terminal fragment of the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone, or 24-hour urinary excretion of urodilatin reflects the degree of Salt sensitivity in hypertension-prone individuals. Plasma concentration of proANP(1-30) and urinary urodilatin excretion were determined at baseline, after I week on a l

The reaction center protein D1 in photosystem II shows a high turnover during illumination. The degradation of the DI protein is preceded by photoinhibition of the electron transport in photosystem II. There are two distinct mechanisms for this: acceptor-side- and donor-side-induced photoinhibition. Here, donor-side-induced photoinhibition was studied in photosystem II membranes after Cl- depletio

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the traditional workhorse for reconstructing evolutionary events. The frequent use of mtDNA in such analyses derives from the apparent simplicity of its inheritance: maternal and lacking bi-parental recombination. However, in hybrid zones, the reproductive barriers are often not completely developed, resulting in the breakdown of male mitochondrial elimination mechanis

Influence of gamma irradiation (Co-60-rays) with doses in the range up to 30 kGy was studied on gelatinisation of wheat starch, wheat flour and potato starch. Differential scanning calorimetry was then applied at several heating and cooling cycles for studies of the effect of irradiation with a 30 kGy dose on interaction of wheat starch with their native lipids and potato starch with admixed 1-mon

For 830 62-year-old residents of the city of Malmo records of radiographic examinations made over a period of 40 years at the Radiological Department of Malmo General Hospital and/or over 20-30 years at two private radiological departments in the city were reviewed. Radiographic examination had been undertaken in 92% of the residents, with on an average 16 examinations per resident. The most commo

Partial alkalinity, as a measure of bicarbonate concentration, and total alkalinity, as a measure of the concentration of bicarbonate and volatile fatty acids, are useful parameters for monitoring anaerobic digestion processes. This paper reports a new method based on pH-indicators and spectrophotometric measurements for the monitoring of partial and total alkalinity. The method was used in an off

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar automationsolycksfall inom tillverkningsindustrin. Automationsolycksfall definieras som ett olycksfall där en person skadas av en energi som kontrollerades, eller borde ha kontrollerats, av en automatiserad utrustning. Avhandlingen grundar sig på av fem vetenskapliga artiklar. De tre första är baserade på data från den obligatoriska arbetsskadThis thesis treats automation accidents in manufacturing industry. An automation accident is defined as an accident whereby a person is injured by an energy which was controlled, or should have been controlled, by an automated item of equipment. The thesis comprises five papers. The first three are based on data from mandatory Swedish occupational-injury reports. Their aim is to show frequencies,

A gas-phase method has been developed for producing size-controlled nanoparticles by thermal cracking of iron pentacarbonyl. The method includes the formation of iron particles from vapor emanating from the cracking of the volatile compound and subsequent compacting of the selected particles. Different temperature steps were involved in the process, and their effects on the particle production wer

The authors thank Bob Webb (the editor) and an anonymous referee for their helpful comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Hossein Asgharian, Charlotte Christiansen, Bent Jesper Christensen, Karl Frauendorfer, Pascal Gantenbein, Björn Hansson, Heino Bohn Nielson, Anders Rahbek, Paul Söderlind, Klaus Spremann, and seminar participants at Lund University and the University of St. Gallen, a