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Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att undersöka om så kallat tjatsex borde utgöra våldtäkt och om det finns anledning att kritisera gällande lagstiftning. I uppsatsen används den rättsdogmatiska metoden med fokus på lagstiftning, förarbeten, rättspraxis och doktrin. Resultatet visar att lagstiftningen och rättsväsendet tydligt inte definierar tjatsex som våldtäkt med förklaringen att det är hur fri

Företagsbot är en ekonomisk sanktion som infördes den 1 juli 1986 i syfte att på ett mer effektivt sätt bekämpa brott som begås i företags verksamheter. Sanktionen utgör i regel ett komplement till övriga straffrättsliga sanktioner. Bestämmelserna om företagsbot återfinns huvudsakligen i 36 kap. brottsbalken, varav 7–10 a §§ är de mest centrala. 7 § anger de rekvisit som måste uppfyllas för att ålA corporate fine is a financial sanction that was introduced on 1 July 1986 with the aim of more efficiently combating crimes committed in the operations of corporations. The sanction typically functions as a complement to other criminal sanctions. The provisions on corporate fines are found mainly in Chapter 36 of the Swedish Penal Code, of which Sections 7 to 10 a are the most essential. Section

Inkorporering av barnkonventionen har länge varit ett omdebatterat ämne både nationellt och internationellt, särskilt i Sverige och Danmark. I Sverige resulte-rade den långvariga debatten i att barnkonventionen trädde i kraft som svensk lag år 2020, medan Danmark än så länge har avstått från att inkorporera kon-ventionen. Syftet med uppsatsens är att belysa de argument som har framförts av respektThe incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been a long-debated issue both nationally and internationally, in Sweden and Den-mark. In Sweden, the prolonged debate resulted in the Convention being enacted as Swedish law in 2020, whereas Denmark has thus far refrained from incorporating the Convention. The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the arguments put forth by each c

This essay aims to explore how women are portrayed within populist discourse. By comparing the discourses in party programs, official documents, and statements from political leaders; our intention is to explore how women are characterized within left-wing and right-wing populism. Is there a difference between left and right, or does populist rhetoric always abate women considering its primary foc

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the level of conict in the media between the government and the opposition at dierent time periods, and specically regarding EU policies. Opposition towards policy is a crucial ingredient in democratic systems of government that do not only allow the people to send dierent personalities to represent them in government, but rather dierent policy agendas that

I denna studie testades och utvärderades fyra membran mot varandra för användning i högtemperaturprotonutbytesmembranbränslecell (HT-PEMFC) applikationer. En fosforsyra (PA)-dopat polybensimidazol (PBI)-membran användes som en referens som den nuvarande state-of-the-art. Laddningsbäraren i detta membran är PA, och det finns fördelar med att byta från PA till jonisk vätska (IL) som laddningsbärare In this study four membranes were tested and evaluated against each other for use in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) applications. A phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane, was used as a reference as the current state-of-the-art. The charge carrier in this membrane is the PA, and there are advantages in switching from PA to ionic liquid (IL) as t

In 2016, the Swedish government released a comprehensive report stating that since 2012, the presence of beggars had become a common sight in towns and cities throughout Sweden. Furthermore, most of the beggars came from Romania and Bulgaria, where they faced discrimination and had few opportunities to support themselves and their families Later, in 2018, the administrative court made a ruling w

In a time when environmental changes increase dramatically and get more and more devastating, the question about what creates support for environmental policies which can mitigate these is highly relevant. Can education be a part of the solution? Some studies show that statistically, the support for environmental policies increase significantly with education in social sciences at a higher level.

Emerging technologies have the potential to bring numerous new opportunities and solutions to the existing challenges, including addressing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Particular hopes are given to areas of the life that require our urgent action, these include but are not limited to medicine and food security. Scientists investigate how these technological advances can be applied for th

In the Nordic countries, an increasing part of the population consists of migrants from various backgrounds. Naturally, it is important to investigate what can be done in order for these migrants to integrate successfully. Previous research shows that some of the fundamentals of integration are trust and the sense of collective identity. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the compon

European policymakers are increasingly interested in encouraging and supporting social entrepreneurship. Addressing the goal, this thesis analyses the relationship between human capital and an individual’s propensity for social entrepreneurship in European countries. Additionally, it is investigated how institutional environment moderates this relationship. Utilising a dataset of the Global Entrep

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning naturgrus kan ersättas av krossat bergmaterial inom väg- och anläggningsprojekt samt betongändamål inom byggsektorn. Genom att granska grus- och bergmaterialen ur ett livscykelperspektiv samt tekniskt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv lokalisera problemområden och utvecklingspotential. Även entreprenörers och beställares intresse för The aim of the report is to investigate the extent to which natural gravel can be replaced by crushed aggregates in road- and construction projects and for use as a substrate within concrete in the construction sector. By examining the gravel and crushed aggregates from a life cycle perspective as well as technical, economical and environmental perspective, this study aims to identify problem area

The complexities of organizational coordination’s communicative constitution: A qualitative study on coordinators activities in BPO-environments. The notion of organizational coordination has a limited view of language and communication since scholars usually refer to communication purely as a referential system. Rather problematic is that the notion of business process outsourcing refers to organ

Within the next thirty years, two thirds of the human population will live in a city. This growing urban population requires a major shift in the way we produce and distribute food, since industrial agriculture practices contribute to climate change, biodiversity losses, pollution of waterways, soil degradation, etc. Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (UPAF) represent one of the strateg

Sverige är det enda land, bland med Sverige jämförbara länder, som inte har ett krav på tillräknelighet för att en person ska kunna dömas för brott. Med tillräknelighet menas att personen ska ha haft en grundläggande förmåga att förstå innebörden av sina handlingar, en slags ansvarsförmåga. En diskussion om ett införande av ett sådant krav har dock länge förts och tre statliga utredningar harSweden is the only country, among comparable countries, whose criminal legislation does not include a requirement of accountability, also known as an insanity defence. The meaning of the requirement of accountability is that a person must have had a fundamental understanding of the meaning of their actions to be evicted of a crime. An introduction of such a requirement has, however, been under

De s.k. fåmansföretagsreglerna i 57 kap. IL syftar till att motverka att aktiva delägare omvandlar arbetsinkomster till lägre beskattade kapitalinkomster. När utomstående passiva delägare äger viss andel av bolaget blir en inkomstomvandling inte längre fördelaktig. I 57 kap. 5 § finns därför en undantagsregel från de särskilda beskattningsreglerna i 57 kap. IL, den s.k. utomståenderegeln. Om incitThe 3:12 rules, found in Chapter 57 of the Swedish Income Tax Act (1999:1229), consists of special tax rules which apply to active owners in closely held corporations (fåmansföretag). The rules aim to prevent active owners from transforming salary income into lower taxed capital income. If passive owners have an ownership of at least 30 % of the shares, income shifting is no longer beneficial. The

Sammanfattning Denna uppsats kommer främst att behandla i vilken mån upphovsmän skyddas efter att de genom avtal överlåtit sin upphovsrätt till någon annan. För att upphovsmän ska kunna dra nytta av sina verk måste de i flesta fallen överlåta sin upphovsrätt till verket till ett förvärvare, oftast ett företag som senare utnyttjar och exploaterar dessa. Upphovsmannen har ett starkt skydd för sina Summary This essay will go thorough and discuss what kind of protection authors in the digital single market are given when they by contract transfer their copyright to someone else. In most cases, an author must first transfer it to another user in order to make use of or gain from his or her copyright. More often than not this user is some form of company that exploits the copyright. In Swedish

As climate change is a global threat it is of essence to understand how we can work against it. Research within the sphere of Peace and Conflict Studies lacks the perspective of the psychology behind world leaders as an explanation for how environmental policy is conducted. This thesis investigates what type of leader Obama and Trump are, what implications that has on environmental policy and how

Vid konstruktion av bullerskärmar så väljs vanligtvis pålning som grundläggningstyp. Det finns flera modeller som kan approximera ett krav på minsta pållängd beroende på olika typer jordförhållande och vindlast. Om pålen ska placeras vid en slänt blir dock beräkningarna betydligt mer osäkra då inverkan av en slänt på den horisontella stabiliteten är svår att uppskatta. Denna rapport har analyseratWhen designing noise screens, piling is usually the chosen foundation type. There are several approximating models that can be used to determine the required pile length; these depend on the soil conditions and wind loads. However, if the pile is placed near a slope, the calculations will be considerably more uncertain as the impact of a slope on the horizontal stability of the pile is difficult t