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Huvudregeln vid patenträttsliga intrångstvister är att käranden ska visa att svarandens agerande innefattar ett immaterialrättsintrång. I mål om intrång i förfarandepatent uppkommer en viss bevisproblematik. Vid intrång i förfarandepatent är det vanligt att den påstådde intrångsgöraren gör gällande att ett till synes efterbildat alster tillkommit med ett annat förfarande än det patenterade utan atThe general rule in patent infringement disputes is that the plaintiff must show that the defendant's actions include an infringement. In the case of infringement of method patents, a certain evidentiary problem arises. In these cases, it is common for defendant to claim that a seemingly imitated product was created with a procedure other than the patented one without being able or willing, wi

Uppsatsen behandlar begreppet indiciebevisning och förvirringen kring definitionen. För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte har bevisprövningen av indiciebevisning undersökts. Syftet har utretts utifrån HD:s avgörande i mål B 5952-21 ”Mordet vid busshållplatsen” och mål B 2354-22 ”Försök till mord på Årsta torg”. Rättsfallen har analyserats för att se hur rättstillämparen har utfört bevisprövningen och

Verksamhetsöverlåtelser är vanligt förekommande i dagens samhälle och påverkar därmed många av oss människor som lever och arbetar i samhället. Överlåtare, förvärvare och arbetstagare påverkas alla på ett eller annat sätt när en verksamhetsöverlåtelse sker. Denna uppsats har genom rättsdogmatisk metod tillkommit i syfte att analytiskt utreda hur arbetsgivare och arbetstagare som berörs av en verksBusiness transfers are common in today’s society and affect many of us who live and work here. Transferees, transferors and employees are all in some way affected when a transfer of undertakings or business takes place. This essay is written with the aim to analytically investigate in how employers and employees who are part of a transfer is affected. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate how ter

Title: Improving charging scheduling of public transport electric buses Authors: Anna Hassler & Franz Bamberg Supervisor: Johan Marklund, Lund University Background: This thesis focuses on a Swedish BTO that operates EB fleets. For companies investing in electrification, record-high and volatile electricity prices, present challenges and creates a need to improve the charging scheduling of

Stridsåtgärder anses vara en av grundpelarna inom svensk arbetsrätt och fungerar som ett medel att balansera ut makterna på arbetsmarknaden. Sympatiåtgärder är en typ av stridsåtgärd som regleras internationellt såväl som nationellt. Internationellt regleras sympatiåtgärder genom ILO:s konvention 87, artikel 11 i EKMR samt artikel 6 i Europeiska sociala stadgan. Nationellt är rätten till sympatiåtIndustrial actions are a part of the Swedish Model and a way to balance out the powers controlling the labour market. A component to this are sympathy measures, which are regulated both internationally and nationally. Sympathy measures are regulated through ILO Convention 87, Article 11 of the European Convention of Human Rights and Article 6 of the European Social Charter. The regulations of nati

This interdisciplinary thesis examines the nexus of memory, war, and digitality inthe context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Since 2014, the unfolding Russianwar against Ukraine has epitomised how rapid technological developments haveprofoundly altered the ways in which warfare is depicted, perceived, and waged intoday’s world. These transformations have enabled new forms of engagement withwa

Sedimentary molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U) enrichments are widely used to reconstruct changes in bottom water oxygen conditions in aquatic environments. Until now, most studies using Mo and U have focused on restricted suboxic-euxinic basins and continental margin oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), leaving mildly reducing and oxic (but eutrophic) coastal depositional environments vastly understudied. C

Introduction: Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, can infect almost any nucleated cell in the mammalian host. Although previous studies have described the transcriptomic changes that occur in host cells during parasite infection, the understanding of the role of post-transcriptional regulation in this process is limited. MicroRNAs, a class of short non-coding RNAs, are key pl

Extensive research is being conducted on magnesium (Mg) alloys for bone implant manufacturing, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties. Gadolinium (Gd) is among the most promising alloying elements for property control in Mg alloy implants; however, its toxicity is controversial. Investigating Gd behavior during implant corrosion is thus of utmost importance. In t

Background: Hypoxia and large tumor volumes are negative prognostic factors for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radiation therapy (RT). PET-scanning with specific hypoxia-tracers (hypoxia-PET) can be used to non-invasively assess hypoxic tumor volume. Primary tumor volume is readily available for patients undergoing RT. However, the relationship between hyp

Background: Despite known benefits of physical activity in reducing breast cancer risk, its impact on mammographic characteristics remain unclear and understudied. This study aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic physical activity and mammographic features at breast cancer diagnosis, specifically mammographic breast density (MBD) and mammographic tumor appearance (MA), as well a

This thesis has been carried out in cooperation with Malmö Studenthus via Miljöbron whom requested suggestions on how they can improve their energy usage in their property Taxeringsintendenten 3 which is located in Rosengård, Malmö. The building was built in the 70s and is currently being used as a student residence with 665 newly renovated apartments. The thesis is topical as in recent years more

Data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, which searches for exoplanets via the transit method, produced 1108 new planetary candidates in 2013 with a total of 91% being smaller than Neptune in size. These were mostly super-Earths, terrestial planets between Earth and Neptune in size, with orbits around 10 days. In order for any theory of planet formation to be valid it must be able to account

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the service user involvement in the course “Socialt förändringsarbete” that has been offered since 2005 at the School of Social Work at Lund University. The service user involvement in this case is formed as an entire 7,5 hp course carried out by service users and social work students together. This means that the service users participate as stude

Experienced safety is difficult to measure, as it treats subjective feelings and these do not always coincide with crime rates. In addition, women, immigrants and poor people often report lower levels of experienced safety, which implies structural causes. Many quantitative studies have been carried out on the subject of safety, crime and fear but there is still a need for more knowledge of experi

The otter (Lutra lutra) is a cryptic, semi-aquatic mustelid, with several uncertainties regarding its ecology and reproductive success in Sweden. To ensure future conservation, distribution and population estimates are needed and the ecological knowledge gaps must be filled in. This study aimed to examine three ecological factors possibly related to the occurrence and distribution of the Scanian o

År 2014 infördes en möjlighet till nedsättningen av arbetsgivaravgifter för personer som arbetar med forskning och utveckling (FoU), hädanefter kallat forskningsavdrag. Syftet var att stärka Sveriges tillväxtmöjligheter genom att skapa incitament för företag att satsa på FoU-projekt, men reglerna har kritiserats på grund av upplevda brister i rättssäkerheten. Näringslivsrepresentanter hävdar att rThe possibility of reducing employer fees for people working in research and development (R&D), hereafter referred to as research deductions, was introduced in 2014. The aim was to strengthen Sweden's growth opportunities by creating incentives for companies to invest in R&D projects. However, criticism has arisen due to perceived legal uncertainty. Business representatives contend tha

Uppsatsen ska utreda minoritetsaktieägare som både är anställda och styrelseledamöter, möjligheter att frånträda en konkurrensklausul i ett s.k. aktieägar- eller aktieöverlåtelseavtal. Konkurrensklausuler kan intas enskilt eller i kombination i fler än en bolagsroll, och för olika avtalsformer. Personer kan i ett aktiebolag inneha en eller flera roller i association till bolaget som exv. styrelsemThis thesis investigates a minority shareholder which is booth an employee and a board member rights and opportunities in a limited liability shareholders company, availabilities to deviate from a non-compete clause insurrected to a shareholder or share transfer agreement. Non-compete clauses can be entered into individually or in combination in one or more forms of agreement. Individuals in a sma

A new pharmaceutical product suitable to act as a negative contrast agent for Computerized Scan (CT-scan) of the abdomen is under development. At the moment the product has the form of a powder, which when dispersed in water and whipped, gives a stable foam. The foam is ingested by individuals who are about to undergo a CT-scan, as a prior preparation step. The powder form has disadvantages such a