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För det fall ett straffbuds tillämpningsområde inte omfattar gärningstyper som kan skada dess skyddsintressen, föreligger det p.g.a. avsaknaden av lagens straffhot, en förhöjd risk för att viktiga enskilda, allmänna och/eller statliga intressen utsätts för kränkningar. Det faktum att ett straffbud inte omfattar handlingar som kan skada dess skyddsintressen, är dock inte tillräckligt för att det skIn case the scope of a criminal provision does not include acts that can harm its legal goods, there is due to the absence of the threat of punishment, an increased risk that important individual, general and/or state interests are subjected to violations. However, the fact that a criminal provision does not include acts that can harm its legal goods is not sufficient to justify the expansion of i

This study relates to the topic of anchorage of shear walls. At times, eccentric forces between the sheathing and the anchoring devices may be introduced in the sill plate. In severe cases, such forces may cause the sill plate to split and to fail in a brittle manner. In this study, fracture mechanics are applied to develop a simple closed-form hand-calculation expression for estimation of the

This paper concerns the development of innovative composite floor systems, comprising timber beams and prefabricated concrete slabs. For the development of this new system, two properties were regarded as vital, as follows: (1) good stiffness, and (2) a high degree of prefabrication. Shear connection systems installed using completely dry processes were used. Innovative and very efficient material

Objective: To develop and initially test a new questionnaire to be used to investigate former ICU patients physical and psychosocial needs/problems and if it change over time. Design: A questionnaire was developed based on the Likert scale. The items were generated from literature search and from personal experiences of follow up visit. SF 12 was used to assess the questionnaires concurrent validi

In this thesis, I explore the health risk communication formulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania by identifying it and discussing it in relation to prominent frameworks in health risk communication. To gain knowledge, the data is collected through semistructured interviews with the National Coordinators in health risk communication from the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the United Nation

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka nödvärnsrättens yttersta gräns vid angrepp på person. Utredningen behandlar även nödvärnsexcess samt hur de två an-svarsfrihetsgrunderna förhåller sig till varandra. Nödvärnsbestämmelsen återfinns i 24:1 BrB och anger att den som utsätts för ett påbörjat eller överhängande brottsligt angrepp har rätt till nödvärn. Lagstif-taren har avsett att ge en bred marginThe essay aims at investigating the most extreme limit for the emergency pro-tection right when an attack on a person is at hand. The study also investigates excessive self defense and how the two grounds for exemption from liability relate to each other. The emergency protection provision is found in 24:1 penal code, and states that anyone who is exposed to a commenced or imminent criminal atta

Several studies have investigated the relationship between different measures of innovative activity, such as patent statistics and R&D expenditures and some have looked deeper into the differences between large and small firms regarding number of patents issued per employee or per R&D dollar. In this paper, the objective is to find out if there are any indications of a barrier to entry (d

This thesis concerns formation of opinion by the Swedish state. We have seen an acceleration of state controlled authorities which main purpose are to create opinion. This phenomenon has been highly criticized. One perspective of the critique, which also concerns this thesis, is the democratic aspect. It says that it is the elected politicians’ business to form opinion, not the state authorities.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the whole positioning process by means of existing positioning theories as well as interviews with marketing practitioners and consumers. Furthermore, the authors wish to provide the reader with an overview of the complete positioning process as well as how it is used in practice today in order to better understand how well suited positioning theories are

Conventional fixation of large solid surgical specimens is a slow process. Consequently, autolytic damage to tissues may occur if the fixative does not reach the central part of the specimen in time. However, as there is also a time relationship between formalin fixation and antigen masking, fixation for too long can also be detrimental. In seeking the optimum balance for fixation, microwave irrad

Identification of cancer pathways is the central goal in the cancer gene expression data analysis. Data mining refers to the process analyzing huge data in order to find useful pattern. Data classification is the process of identifying common properties among a set of objects and grouping them into different classes. A cellular automaton is a discrete, dynamical system with simple uniformly interc

We present a Moiré method that can be used to investigate positional instabilities in a scanning hard x-ray microscope with nanometer precision. The development of diffractionlimited storage rings offering highly-brilliant synchrotron radiation and improvements of nanofocusing x-ray optics paves the way towards 3D nanotomography with 10 nm resolution or below. However, this trend demands improved

The widespread use of magnetic nanoparticles in the biotechnical sector puts new demands on fast and quantitative characterization techniques for nanoparticle dispersions. In this work, we report the use of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) to study the properties of a commercial magnetic nanoparticle dispersion. We demonstrate the effectiveness of bo

There is a growing need for selective recognition of microorganisms in complex samples due to the rapidly emerging importance of detecting them in various matrices. Most of the conventional methods used to identify microorganisms are time-consuming, laborious and expensive. In recent years, many efforts have been put forth to develop alternative methods for the detection of microorganisms. These m

The HCCI engine, with its excellent potential for high efficiency and low NOx emissions, is investigated from a control perspective. Combustion timing, i.e., where in the thermodynamic cycle combustion takes place, is identified as the most challenging problem with HCCI engine control. A number of different means for controlling combustion timing are suggested, and results using a dual-fuel soluti

A number of rheological models of drying wood have been presented during the last ten years. At the material point level, most models show high accuracy. The models in themselves, however, have no value unless used for improving wood drying, technique, quality, etc. To achieve this, they have to be implemented in applicable programs/ methods. In this article, the implementation of a material model