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Objective To describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures. Methods Daily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence an

BACKGROUND: The use of viscoelastic tests is becoming increasingly popular. There is a paucity of validation of the reproducibility of varying coagulation states. Therefore, we aimed to study the coefficient of variation (CV) for the ROTEM EXTEM parameters clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), alpha-angle and maximum clot firmness (MCF) in blood with varying degrees of coagulation strengt

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ökad förståelse för hjärtats pumpfunktion är av stort intresse för att kunna förbättra diagnostik, behandling och prognoser för hjärtsjuka patienter. Blodflöde i hjärtat är direkt kopplat till hjärtats form och rörelse och kan därför vara en viktig markör för hjärtats funktion. Därför var målet med denna avhandling att utveckla och förbättra mätningar av blodflöde med hIncreased understanding of the pumping mechanics of the heart are of great importance to develop diagnostics, treatment and prognostics for cardiovascular diseases. Blood flow in the heart is connected to its anatomy and function, and may therefore be a sensitive marker of cardiac health and disease. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to develop and validate methods for quantification and visual

Background: Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irri

Global change is altering forests worldwide, with multiple consequences for ecosystem functioning. Temporal changes in climate, and extreme, compounded weather events like hotter droughts are affecting the demography, composition and function of forests, leading to a highly uncertain future. To accurately predict future forest responses to hotter droughts, we highlight the need for considering a b

Objective: The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) frailty index (FI) predicts mortality and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its association with hospitalizations has not been described. Our objective was to estimate the association of baseline SLICC-FI values with future hospitalizations in the SLICC inception cohort. Methods: Baseline SLICC-FI sco

Klimatförändringarna förväntas påverka skogar i de tempererade och boreala zonerna och leda till omfattande förändringar i ekosystemens struktur och funktion. Därför behövs analyser av sannolika utfall av olika scenarier av ökad klimatpåverkan på lång sikt, för att förbättra kunskapsunderlaget och stödja beslutsfattande inom skogssektorn. För skogsägare innebär klimatförändringarna ett behov att öClimate change is expected to affect temperate and boreal forests, potentially causing profound changes to the functioning and the structure of ecosystems. This calls for assessments of the plausible long-term outcomes of a range of climate change scenarios to increase the knowledge base for decision making in forestry. Forest owners need to consider whether current silvicultural management practi

Structural systems in seismic-prone regions can experience sudden deterioration caused by earthquake-induced ground-motion sequences. In addition, given the prevailing environmental conditions at their site, these systems may undergo gradual deterioration resulting from environment-induced mechanisms. The combined impacts of such phenomena can result in significant structural/non-structural damage

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which was initially identified as a type of autoimmune pancreatitis around the year 2000, is now widely acknowledged to be a systemic sickness. Based on both general and organ-specific criteria, alongside laboratory measurements of IgG4-subtype, the diagnosis is made. The diagnosis requires, however, a heightened index of suspicion, especially given the

Aims: Climate change is known to drive both the reshuffling of whole assemblages and range shifts of individual species. Less is known about how local colonizations and extinctions of individual species contribute to changes at the community level. Our aim was to estimate the contribution of individual species to a change in community composition attributed to climate change and to relate these sp

Den termiska klimatupplevelsen påverkas mest av lufttemperaturen som är enkel att mäta med en vanlig termometer, men för att ta reda på hur temperaturen i ett rum upplevs räcker det inte med att enbart undersöka lufttemperaturen. Även om lufttemperaturen ligger på en komfortabel nivå så kan en kall yta i närheten få personen att känna att det är kyligt i rummet och på motsvarande sätt kan varma ytThe thermal climate experience is most affected by air temperature that is easy to measure with a standard thermometer, but to find out how the temperature in a room is felt it is not enough to merely examine the air temperature. Even if the air temperature is at a comforta-ble level, then a cold surface near get the person to feel that it is chilly in the room and cor-respondingly the hot surface

Enligt Newsecs rapport från 2016 söker företag idag kontor som har effektiv kontorsyta med stor flexibilitet vad det gäller både area och hyresavtal. Deras analys är att sådana kontor kommer fortsätta att efterfrågas. Vad som menas med flexibla hyresavtal är inget som är självklart i branschen men i detta examensarbete innebär sådana hyresavtal kortare hyrestider och mindre ytor för varje aktör soAccording to Newsec's report from 2016 companies are looking for offices that have efficient office space with great flexibility in terms of both area and lease. Their analysis is that such offices will continue to be demanded. What is meant by flexible real estate leases is nothing that is obvious in the industry but in this paper such leases mean less lease times and less space for each part

In this work the photoelectric effect is explored through simulations of the phase shift that an IR-field can induce into an electron wave packet and the photoelectron distribution over frequency components that is produced in the photoionization of an atom with a attosecond pulses made of XUV photons. The IR-field is sent along two attosecond pulses made of XUV photons towards a 3D momentum spect

Hållbarhetsfrågor tar stort fokus i dagens debatter, personliga livsstilar samt företagens marknadsföring och affärsmodeller. Miljöarbetet i byggsektorn drivs framåt via bland annat miljöcertifieringssystem. Framförallt nybyggnation präglas idag starkt av skärpta miljölagkrav och miljöcertifieringar tillämpas här i stor utsträckning. Vikten av miljöarbetet med redan befintliga byggnader hamnar oftThe subject sustainability is taking a great amount of spotlight in most debates of modern society. This time the focus is on business models and marketing as well as the influences that sustainable certification systems have within the building sector. Especially when constructing new buildings, the new and stricter sustainability laws and certifications are setting the foundations of a new era.

A ubiquitous and accurate positioning system for mobile devices is of great importance both to business and research due to the large number of applications and services it enables. In most outdoor environments this problem was solved by the introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS). In indoor or suburban areas however, the GPS signals are often too weak to enable a reliable position est

Aktivt kol har identifierats som en av de mer effektiva metoderna när det kommer till att avlägsna organiska mikroföroreningar (OMF) från avloppsvatten. Aktivt kol är ett poröst material med stor ytarea som kan adsorbera andra ämnen. Det är inget som existerar naturligt utan behöver framställas. Framställningen kan ske från i princip vilket material som helst som har en hög kolhalt. En stor del avActivated carbon has been identified as one of the more effective methods of removing organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater. Activated carbon is a porous material with a large surface area that allows adsorption of other substances. The material does not exist naturally and therefore has to be produced. The production can be done from any carbon-rich material and today the precursor is mai

Today’s modern societies are becoming increasingly dependent on the vital societal functions that technical critical infrastructures provide, for example availability of electricity, tap water and internet connectivity. Hence, it is of essence that these infrastructures are resilient to interruptions. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and contrast resilience levels of different types of

Earlier the regional social insurance office was exposed to critisism because of bad administration and a lack of providing public service. Among other things the regional social insurance office was attacked because of long investigation hours and indinstinct working methods and was blamed for not being able to solve the unhealth in the society. This lead to the reformation of the previous region