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Ändtarmscancer är en av de vanligast förekommande cancersjukdomarna. Tillsammans med tjocktarmscancer är det den tredje vanligaste cancersjukdomen i världen. Den behandlas vanligen med kirurgi, under vilken en stor del av ändtarmen och dess omgivande fettvävnad tas bort. För att minska risken för återfall kan operationen kompletteras med strålbehandling, där patienterna oftast strålbehandlas innanBackground and purpose: During radiotherapy, rectal cancer patients show inter-fractional internal motion that effects the delivered dose distribution. The purpose of this work is to study I) the inter-fractional bladder volume change, II) the effect of bladder volume change on bowel dose distribution, III) the effect of bladder optimization on the relationship between bladder volume and bowel dos

Idag är könsdiskriminerande reklam inte förbjudet i Sverige. Marknadsdomstolen har fastslagit att den typen av reklam inte faller under MFL:s tillämpningsområde. Istället sköts tillsynen av stiftelsen RO som fungerar som näringslivets självreglering. Huruvida könsdiskriminerande reklam bör förbjudas i lag eller inte har varit uppe för diskussion vid ett flertal tillfällen. Flera utredningar har Today, sexist advertisement is not illegal in Sweden. MD has decided that MFL is not applicable on that kind of advertising. Instead, the industry regulates itself through the RO foundations supervision. They use certain criteria established by the ICC and ERK to determine whether advertisement is sexist or not. Although, this system might be seen as ineffective since RO has no right to issue sanc

I entreprenadprojekt finns det en risk för att entreprenören av någon anledning avbryter eller befaras avbryta arbetet. En eventuell domstolsprocess avseende fullgörelse av entreprenadavtalet riskerar dock att bli tidsödande och hindra projektets framdrift. Det ligger därför i beställarens intresse att entreprenören, genom förordnande om civilprocessuell säkerhetsåtgärd enligt 15 kap. 3 § RB, kan There is a risk that a contractor discontinues or plans to discontinue the work during construction. Potential court proceedings regarding the performance of the construction contract could be time-consuming and delay the whole project. Therefore, it is in the customer’s interest that the contractor, by a security measure (preliminary injunction), can be required to continue the contract work or p

I början av år 2020 fick fallet “Lilla hjärtat” stor medial uppmärksamhet. Fallet illustrerar spänningen mellan skydd, återförening och kontinuitet som finns inbyggd i tvångsvården av barn. För det första ska lagstiftningen tillgodose barns rätt till skydd – även från sina föräldrar. Samtidigt har barn en rätt till sina föräldrar, även om barnet har behövt skiljas från dem av skyddsskäl. Barnets sAt the beginning of 2020, the ”Little heart” case received a lot of media attention. The case illustrates the tension between child protection, reunification and continuity that is built into the compulsory care of children. Firstly, the legislation must secure children's right to protection – even from their parents. At the same time, children have a right to their parents, even if the child

The aim with this study is to investigate the disadvantages and advantages with ADHD medication for adults with both an ADHD diagnosis and an addiction to alcohol or drugs. In our study we have used qualitative methods through semi structured interviews with professionals from different organizations, including Addiction Centres, Probation, Social Services and treatment centres. The result showed

This paper explores strategic change communication, framed by the idea that managers can be viewed as rhetoricians. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss senior managers’ subjective experiences of rhetorical aspects of change management. The paper draws on a case study from ABB Sweden (a power and automation technology company). In-depth interviews with senior managers, with vast ex

Popular Abstract in Swedish Beräkningar från Cancerfonden visar på att ungefär var tredje person i Sverige kommer att få en cancerdiagnos under sin livstid. Cancerceller är celler som har utvecklat speciella förmågor som gör att de har börjat dela sig ohämmat. Denna ohämmade celldelning leder till bildandet av en tumör och när tumören har nått ett visst stadie i sin utveckling så börjar den spridaAs a cancer grows it will, at a certain stage of disease progression, start spreading in the body. For several types of cancer this spreading will first occur through the lymphatic system and the first place where metastatic cell will be encountered is the first lymph node that drains the area where the tumor is located. This lymph node is defined as the sentinel lymph node (SLN). By analyzing the

Title: A study of how active therapist talks about the FMT method. FMT-therapists use music as a means of communication. The method is non verbal and uses musical codes to create a framework for the apprentice. The instruments that are being used are piano, drums, a variety of flutes and whistles. The FMT-method is a musical form of therapy that targets all functional disabilities. It is a neuromu

The purpose of this report is to collect, compile and complement the scientific and experience based knowledge concerning high pressure fire fighting today. The goal is to produce a decision data for the Rescue Service concerning the use of high pressure systems for fire fighting. Focus is on hose reel high pressure systems but other systems are discussed too. The report begins by describing the t

The aim of this thesis is to explain what actions Sweden and the international communities have been taking in terms of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in order to realize the Programme of Action from the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo 1994. In a theoretical perspective, donor countries and multilateral organizations are seen as interacting actors

The purpose of this Bachelor thesis in Economics at Lund University is to try to establish the correlation between the value change of retail real estate buildings in Sweden and macro economic variables. The principal method is the multiple regression model and it is used to estimate the basic model. The basic model is enhanced by estimating some 30 models and the result is two good models. The di

In this essay I will look at the independence of the Swedish municipalities. By looking at articles for the biggest journal in Sweden on this subject Kommun aktuellt I will look at the discussion for the years of 1978 and 1998 to see if one can draw some parallels in the debate and see if some subjects are always returning in the agenda for the independence. The autonomy of the Swedish municipalit

Frågan om bevisning utgör en viktig fråga även i skiljeförfaranden. I synnerhet skriftlig bevisning är viktig då den överlag anses vara mer tillförlitlig än muntlig sådan. Det är därför av vikt att part får tillgång till all skriftlig bevisning, även sådan som motpart eller annan kan tänkas inneha. Om dessa dokument frivilligt företes av part eller tredje man uppstår inga problem. Problemen börjar

Customers are of the opinion that they are against performance related bonus payments. They do however not spend their time or effort familiarize themselves with the subject and therefore the majority of them do not know if their customer bank pays out bonuses or not. Therefore it can be safe to say, that the subject of bonus payments is not considered very important when it comes to choosing a cu

En geologisk turistguide över Söderåsen i Skåne har utarbetats i samarbete med Svalövs kommun. Syftet med guiden är att öka kunskapen om Söderåsens unika geologi samt tipsa om geologiskt intressanta besökslokaler inom området. Information om geologi och lokaler har inhämtats via skriftliga publikationer, från Sveriges geologiska undersöknings (SGU:s) kartblad med beskrivningar samt genom dokumentaA geological tourist guide to Söderåsen in the province of Scania, southern Sweden, has been made in collaboration with Svalövs municipality. The purpose of the guide is to increase knowledge about Söderåsen's unique geology and to present geologically interesting sites in the area. Information about geology and sites have been obtained through written publications, from map sheets with descri

De provokativa åtgärderna är en polisiär arbets- och utredningsmetod, vilken traditionellt beskrivs som att polisen i sitt brottsbekämpande arbete lockar fram beteenden från en enskild brottsmisstänkt, i form av yttranden eller handlingar, som kan vara ofördelaktiga för vederbörande. De provokativa åtgärderna har använts inom den polisiära verksamheten en längre tid, trots avsaknad av lagregleringProvocative measures can be described as a an investigation method, whereas the police entices to behaviour through expressions or actions, which in some aspect are unfavourable or disadvantegous for the provoced person. Provocative measures have been used as an investigation method by the Swedish police for a longer time, even though no legislation legitimizes or regulates its usage. The uncertai

This thesis will explore the role of cryptocurrencies in a market index portfolio. The portfolios of a mix of Bitcoin, Ether and the market indices S&P 500, OMXS30 and VTI will be examined and optimized to maximize the Sharpe ratio. This process is done using the Markowitz Portfolio Theory for portfolios containing one market index and either one or both cryptocurrencies, numerically optimizin

Barsebäcks kärnkraftverk driftsattes 1975 och den första reaktorn togs ur drift 1999 och den andra 2005. Nedmontering och rivning av kärnkraftverket har inletts och processen beräknas vara klar på 2030-talet. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga eventuell radioaktiv kontamination i området runt Barsebäcksverket. Mitt mål är att ta fram en metod för att särskilja bakgrundsstrålning från Background and aim: The Barsebäck nuclear power plant (NPP) units ceased operations in 1999 and 2005. Now the NPP is in the phase of decommissioning, which is a complicated process that will take many years to complete. Radiological characterization of the surrounding area is a part of the decommissioning process. The aim of this thesis was to identify and quantify residual anthropogenic radioacti

This study aimed to determine the optimal method for extracting rosmarinic acid (RA) from lemon balm using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Additionally, the effect of filtration during sample preparation on the concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA) was investigated. Moreover, the RA content was compared in various lemon balm samples including: commercial dried lemon balm, commercial lemon bal