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This paper proposes Lagrange multiplier (LM) based tests for the null hypothesis of no cointegration in panel data. The tests are general enough to allow for heteroskedastic and serially correlated errors, individual specific time trends, and a single structural break in both the intercept and slope of each regression, which may be located different dates for different individuals. The limiting di
Optically controlled one-dimensional photonic crystal structures for the THz range are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A GaAs:Cr layer constitutes a defect in the photonic crystals studied; its photoexcitation by 800 nm optical femtosecond pulses leads to the modulation of the THz beam. Since the THz field can be localized in the photoexcited layer of the photonic crystal, the inter
Background: This study investigates gaze behaviour in child dialogues. In earlier studies the authors have investigated the use of requests for clarification and responses in order to study the co-creation of understanding in a referential communication task. By adding eye tracking, this line of research is now expanded to include non-verbal contributions in conversation. Aims: To investigate
Laser spectroscopy of free atoms has been pursued for 25 years starting in the visible region and with a constant thrust towards shorter wavelengths. A review of generation schemes and atomic-physics experiments in the short-wavelength region is given. Processes in ions and inner shells occur on a very fast timescale setting special demands on the sources. Using picosecond laser technology efficie
The purpose of this essay is to se if the mental illness of Swedish children has deteriorated or if it is a rhetorical issue. Are the newspapers overreacting and spreading the wrong messages?. Children seeking relief have increased, and the queues are long to get an appointment to a psychiatrist at the children- and youth psychiatry clinic. The daily newspapers are reporting that the numbers of gi
In an attempt to at the same time introduce new technology into the existing public transport network, investigate the impact of this technology on street space in cities and present a solution to the problem with congestion in dense city centers a model is introduced. This model demonstrates one way to implement autonomous vehicles in the public transport network in dense city centers. The result
The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in years of education for men and women, and how these differences affect economic growth. The author believes there is a significant loss of human capital in the world, when girls for different reasons do not reach the same level of education as boys. This loss becomes clear by inspecting the literacy rate for each gender, and when viewing the o
Sammanfattning I uppsatsen har syftet med 3:12-reglerna, särskilt utomståenderegeln i 57 kap. 5§ IL, framställts och analyserats. Därjämte studien har ägnats åt att undersöka hur praxis stämmer överens med utomståenderegelns ändamål. Metoden som har tillämpats är den rättsdogmatiska metoden, vilket innebär att undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av rättskällorna så som förarbeten, författning, praAbstract The purpose of the essay is to describe and analyze the motive that was behind the 3:12 rules, especially the outsider rule, and to examine how practice is consistent with its purpose. The main starting point for the regulations in question was that the taxpayer who owns shares and works in the company should, as far as possible, receive similar taxation for capital gains or work compens
We live in a world built on consumerist values and a spatial rationale of capital accumulation. This modern society has led to architecture thriving through super consumption and super production ultimately leading to the generic. Cities and spaces that were usually rich in variation and texture have now become an architectural melting pot. Architecture has become smooth, simplified and reduced to
Bevisbördan vid särskilt komplicerade och svåröverskådliga orsakssamband åligger som huvudregel käranden. I min utredning har jag funnit att svaranden, rörande motargument, bär bevisbördan för anförda rättsfakta men inte för anförda bevisfakta. Motargumenten skall således klassificeras antingen som motsatsbevisning och utgör därmed bevisfakta eller som motbevisning som därmed utgör rättsfakta. SådThe burden of proof in particularly complex and obscure causation as a rule lies on the plaintiff. In my investigation I have found that the defendant, on rebuttal, bears the burden of proving alleged facts but not the alleged evidence of the facts. Counter arguments must therefore become classified as either contrary evidence, and therefore constitute evidence facts or evidence in rebuttal which
Abstract Title Leveraged Buyouts – A study on the effects on the operating performance Seminar date 5th of June 2013 Course FEKH89, Degree Project in Finance, 15 ECTS Authors Matilda Björnek Lina Khaled Malin Nilstoft Advisor Maria Gårdängen Key Words LBO, operating performance, operating income, cash flow, employees Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how the operating perform
This document describes a new concept for assessing capacitance based on a constant current pulse to the biosensor transducer. The biosensor has a working electrode that is coated with an insulating molecular layer including a ligand which forms an affinity surface. A sensor electrode is brought into contact with electrolyte solution, and the new measuring principle then involves steps where three
The purpose of this project was to reduce the production cost of the drive unit from AB Ph. Nederman & Co product Flowline with 50 % to make it more competitive, and the result is this report as well as a fully operational prototype. During the process I have looked into all of the functions of the existing product and have tried to improve them. The function which I have put most time and eff
The European energy market has undergone a large transformation in the last 20 years. It has gone from being a market strictly controlled by the Member States and dominated by state monopolies to being a privatized market under the rules of the market economy. This process has as its main aim to create a free and unified European energy market characterized by productive competition. A number of s
As energy demand soars to new levels in heavily industrialised European countries, difficult decisions have to be made on how to ensure sufficient future energy capacity. The decision of the EU to put nuclear energy back on the agenda as a means of solving this issue must be seen against the backdrop of the debate over climate change and the outspoken policy to substantially reduce greenhouse gas
This essay investigates the relation between economic growth and happiness, with regard to the central position of economic growth on the political agenda in the Western world today. In political argumentation it is often claimed that economic growth and existing economic conditions are challenged by processes of change, especially economic globalisation and "de-industrialisation". In th
In this master thesis a process in Delmia was created for digital test assembly. Delmia is a computer program for simulations, at Scania Delmia is used for simulating truck assembly. The process created was made to be easily reused in future tests. The base of the process came from the best practice document for manufacturing at Scania. To do this a study of the systems at Scania was made to get a
Parents have the primary responsibility to create a safe environment for their children. The family is of great importance, both as a basic social unit, but also for the individual child's development. In cases where the parents for various reasons are unable to care for their children and the family environment may be even harmful to the child, it is society's role to take over parental r
