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1. During early ontogeny, the serotonergic neurons in the brain stem of the three-spined stickleback shows a temporal and spatial developmental pattern that closely resembles that of amniotes. 2. However, in the adult fish, only the midline nuclei of the rostral group (dorsal and median raphe nuclei) and the dorsal lateral tegmental nucleus are consistently serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTir), where
The localization of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ and L‐glutamate 1 carboxy‐lyase (GAD)‐immunoreactive neurons was compared in the skate, frog, pigeon, chicken, rabbit, and man. Horizontal cells show both GABA and GAD immunoreactivity in the skate, frog, and bird. Certain amacrine cells show GABA and GAD immunoreactivity in all species. The distribution of GABA‐ and GAD‐immunoreactive cell bodie
As part of the Virus-X Consortium that aims to identify and characterize novel proteins and enzymes from bacteriophages and archaeal viruses, the genes of the putative lytic proteins XepA from Bacillus subtilis prophage PBSX and YomS from prophage SPβ were cloned and the proteins were subsequently produced and functionally characterized. In order to elucidate the role and the molecular mechanism o
To explain the coexistence of economic freedom and big government, this paper distinguishes between big government in the fiscal sense of requiring high taxes, and big government in the Hayekian sense of requiring knowledge that is difficult to acquire from a central authority. The indicators of government size in measures of economic freedom capture the fiscal size but ignore the Hayekian knowled
History has shown that new technology can disrupt societies, and current developments in automation have raised anxious speculation on what might happen if stable middle-class jobs are taken over by machines. This column analyses the impact of technological change on labour markets and social protests, taking the case of the adoption of electricity in early 20th century Sweden. It finds that elect
Several studies have indicated that the capture of nematodes by the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora is mediated by a lectin on the fungal surface. One of the major surface proteins of this fungus showed haemagglutinating activity and was isolated by affinity chromatography using a mucin Sepharose column. Biochemical analysis showed that the protein was a dimeric glycoprotein with a mo
The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S
Saying so can make it so, J. L. Austin taught us long ago. Famously, John Searle has developed this Austinian insight in an account of the construction of institutional reality. Searle maintains that so-called Status Function Declarations, allegedly having a “double direction of fit” (i.e. a world-to-word and a word-to-world direction of fit), synchronically create worldly institutional facts, cor
Imaging through turbid environments is experimentally challenging due to multiple light scattering. Structured laser illumination has proven to be effective to minimize errors arising from this phenomenon, allowing the interior of optically dense media to be observed. However, in order to preserve the image spatial resolution while suppressing the intensity contribution from multiple light scatter
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a marked systemic biochemical stress response with the release of several stress-related hormones including cortisol and the catecholamines. A major aim of using continuous sedation in the neurointensive care unit (NIC) unit is to attenuate the TBI-induced stress response via reduction of the cerebral energy metabolic demands. In the era of modern multimodality
Background: Improvement in the surgical system requires intersectoral coordination. To achieve this, the development of National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPS) has been recommended. One of the first steps of NSOAP development is situational analysis. On the ground situational analyses can be resource intensive and often duplicative. In 2016, the Ministry of Health of Tanzania
The demand for water recovery in the industry is increasingly important partly due to water shortage and partly due to tightening of regulatory requirements. In this paper water recovery solutions for two challenging types of wastewater - oily and polyvinylchloride (PVC) wastewater - are presented. The first part of the presentation analyses the operation and performance of a membrane unit operate
The use of cross-flow ultrafiltration for the recovery of coating ma-terial from aqueous streams started about 30 years with electro deposition paint in the automotive industry. This early success can be related to both environmental and economical advantages of using ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration recovers and concentrate electro deposition paint on the retentate side and produces purified wa
BACKGROUND: Club foot is a common congenital deformity affecting 150 000-200 000 children every year. Untreated patients end up walking on the side or back of the affected foot, with severe social and economic consequences. Club foot is highly treatable by the Ponseti method, a non-invasive technique that has been described as highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. To date, there ha
Regulation of therapeutic transgene expression can increase the safety of gene therapy interventions, especially when targeting critical organs such as the brain. Although several gene expression systems have been described, none of the current systems has the required safety profile for clinical applications. Our group has previously adapted a system for novel gene regulation based on the destabi
För att bättre kunna förebygga att skelettet bryts ner vid långvarig vila eller vid sjukdomarsom osteopenia och osteoporos, behövs bättre förståelse för de processer somstyr detta. I den här avhandlingen antas att den primära orsaken till bentillväxt är enförändring i den kemiska miljön i benet. Förändringen antas orsakas av att tillväxtstimulerandeämnen transporteras genom benet till den plats däIn order to prevent or modify bone degeneration due to rest or due to diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis, the modeling and remodeling of bone tissue must be better understood. In this thesis it is assumed that the primary condition leading to bone growth is a change of the chemical environment caused by transport of matter resulting from stress driven diffusion. The change in the chemica
