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The regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic neurons transplanted to the hippocampus or neocortex was studied by microdialysis in awake rats. Fetal basal forebrain tissue was implanted as a cell suspension or solid graft into the fimbria-fornix-lesioned hippocampus, or as a cell suspension into the frontal cortex after excitotoxic lesion of the nucleus basalis. Several months aft
The use of motor reactions including spinal motor mechanisms, such as tail-flick, hot plate test, and flexion reflexes, in research on pain and analgesia requires some precautions, and results should be interpreted with caution. Nocifensive specificity and analgesic selectivity cannot be established unequivocally by only comparing reflexes evoked by noxious stimuli with monosynaptic reflexes. Rath
Introduction Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a subset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features and treatment responses. Rituximab is a licensed therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis but there is limited experience of rituximab in EGPA. Methods EGPA
Ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment of milk forms a deposit or fouling in the processing equipment that is mineral-based with an enclosed protein network. This study addresses the fundamental mechanisms that control the removal of this deposit. For this purpose, the structural and compositional changes during the cleaning process have been studied. The structure analysis was performed with scan
Resistivity surveys are now also carried in areas covered by water. The surveys involve electrodes planted on the water bottom or on a streamer towed by a boat. As the water layer has a large effect on resistivity measurements, its effect must be accurately modelled. The water resistivity and depth to the bottom are usually independently measured with a conductivity meter and depth sounder. The up
The kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CHCl3, CDCl 3, and 13CHCl3 with Cl, OH, and OD radicals have been determined in relative rate experiments at 298 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure monitored by long path FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed using a nonlinear least-squares spectral fitting procedure including line data from the HITRAN database and measured infrared spectra as ref
This pilot study uses a Landau-Lifshitz phase field model to study the growth of a precipitate originating from a crack tip. A boundary layer giving a remote square root singular elastic stress field is applied. The materials are assumed to be elastic-plastic with linear strain hardening. The precipitate is assumed to expand in a simplified anisotropic manner, meaning that the hydride is assumed t
Background: Although free fatty acids have been positively associated with risk factors for stroke, the role of plasma free fatty acids in the development of stroke has not been elucidated in older adults. Aims: We sought to examine the association between plasma free fatty acids and incident stroke. Methods: Prospective cohort of 4369 men and women ≥65 years of age in the Cardiovascular Health St
Background Reliable epidemiological data for portal vein thrombosis are lacking. Aims To investigate the incidence, prevalence and survival rates for patients with portal vein thrombosis. Methods Retrospective multicentre study of all patients registered with the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis between 1995 and 2004. Results A total of 173 patients (median age 57 years, 93 men) with portal vei
Background: Incidence and long-term outcomes of choledochal malformations (CMs) in children remain unclear. Methods: Clinical characteristics, operative details, complications, and follow-up data were collected from eight pediatric surgical centers in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland, which also answered a questionnaire addressing management practices. Results: During 2000–2017, 126 pediatric
This case study on the dark side of communication and place branding explores the Amazon corporation’s highly-publicized competitive search for a city to become their second headquarters (dubbed HQ2). In 2017 Amazon sent an open Request for Proposals (RFP) to cities in North America defining what constitutes an ‘ideal’ headquarters. In addition to offering capital and incentives, Amazon’s ideal ci
There is a wide-spread concern that technical change may spur social conflicts, especially if workers are replaced with machines. To empirically analyze whether job destruction drives protests, we study a historical example of a revolutionary new technology: the adoption of electricity. Focusing on the gradual roll-out of the Swedish electricity grid between 1900 and 1920 enables us to analyze 2,4
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines potently regulate inflammation, with the majority of the IL-1 family proteins being secreted from immune cells via unconventional pathways. In many cases, secretion of IL-1 cytokines appears to be closely coupled to cell death, yet the secretory mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the secretion of the three best-characterized members o
Pancreatic islets, isolated from the pancreas of obese-hyperglycemic mice, were used to prepare free islet cells in suspension. Batches of 100 islets were disrupted by mechanical shaking for 10 sec in a Ca2+-free HEPES-buffered Krebs-Ring'er medium containing 1 mM EGTA. From 200-500 islets, about 2.2×106 cells could be obtained in suspension, corresponding to a yield of roughly 55% as calculated f
Recent studies suggest that physiological and tumorigenic proliferation of mammalian cells is controlled by multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) largely in tissue-specific manners. We and others previously demonstrated that adult mice deficient for the Cyclin D partner CDK4 (Cdk4-/- mice) exhibit hypoplasia in the pituitary and pancreatic islet due to primary postnatal defects in proliferation
An interaction of mitochondrial creatine kinase with purified outer mitochondrial porin (voltage-dependent anion channel) was shown by co- sedimentation assays as well as by gel permeation chromatography. Porin formed high M(r) complexes with wild-type mitochondrial creatine kinase as well as with an N-terminal deletion mutant, lacking the first five N-terminal amino acids. The complexes were iden
Molecularly imprinted materials, prepared using self-assembly imprinting protocols using only non-covalent interactions, can be used as chromatography media in aqueous phase. The recognition properties are highly dependent on the interacting species used in the imprinting protocol. Ionic interactions, together with strong hydrogen bonding, represent useful means of obtaining recognition. With incr
Longitudinal data from cohort studies show that early life factors such as low birth weight are associated with the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Moreover, the majority of published studies concur that blood pressure is higher in adolescents and young adults with a history of low birth weight. Although the precise mechanisms linking early li
