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Peat deposits from the littoral part of the wetland 2nd Pond on Nightingale Island in the central South Atlantic have been analysed to investigate the Holocene climate development on the island and to test a hypothesis about regionally persistent humidity variations. A variety of proxies were analysed - total carbon and nitrogen, biogenic silica, diatoms, amount of organic matter, macrofossils and

Aerosol-cloud interactions constitute a major uncertainty in future climate predictions. This study combines 10 years of ground-based aerosol particle measurements from two Nordic background stations (Vavihill and Hyytiala) with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data of convective clouds. The merged data are used to examine how aerosols affect cloud droplet sizes and

The awareness of the significance of the Southern Ocean in the Earth's climate system has become increasingly obvious. The deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise during warming periods in Antarctica has been attributed to CO2 ventilation from the deep ocean caused by enhanced upwelling around the Antarctic Divergence. It has been hypothesized that, more intense Southern Hemisphere westerly winds aligned w

The solar proxy Be-10, measured in natural archives, has previously been assumed to lag solar activity by 1-2 yr. This reflects its residence time in the stratosphere where its main source lies. This study, based on a 30-yr global model simulation of the atmospheric transport of Be-10, shows that the stratospheric fraction of production varies significantly with the phase of solar activity. This l

Recent epidemiological investigations have reported on the association between telomere length (TL) and a number of malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma (BCL). The reported results for BCLs are however inconsistent. We carried out a nested case-control study to determine whether TL is associated with future risk of BCL. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the relative TL (i.e. the rat

The average consensus algorithm is a distributed procedure which allows a network of agents to agree on the average of a set of initial values. The computation occurs through local exchange of information only, namely the information exchange takes place only between agents which are neighbors with respect to a graph representing the system communication architecture. Several performance metrics h

Several modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol, certain dietary factors and weight are independently associated with gastric cancer (GC); however, their combined impact on GC risk is unknown. We constructed a healthy lifestyle index to investigate the joint influence of these behaviors on GC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohor

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differs according to ethnicity. Levels of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) have been shown to be decreased in T2DM. However, its role in different ethnicities is not known. We examined the differences in plasma ApoM levels in Swedish residents born in Iraq (Iraqis) and Sweden (Swedes) in relation to T2DM and insulin resistance (IR).

We used the Aerosol Dynamics gas- and particle-phase chemistry model for laboratory CHAMber studies (ADCHAM) to simulate the contribution of BVOC plant emissions to the observed new particle formation during photooxidation experiments performed in the Julich Plant-Atmosphere Chamber and to evaluate how well smog chamber experiments can mimic the atmospheric conditions during new particle formation

Medical marijuana has been argued to supplement the treatment of cancer in terms of relieving symptoms and side effects occurring from treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As the legalisation of cannabis becomes more widespread across the United States not only for medical but also recreational use, any effects on the well-being on those who undergo cancer treatment could have importa

This thesis reports on the use of \(\nu_{dyn}\) to investigate the ridge structure in p-p and p-Pb collisions using the ALICE detector at LHC. The conclusions drawn in this thesis is that there is nothing which indicates long range correlations, but that the multiplicity dependence of forward-backward correlations measured using \(\nu_{dyn}\) is dominated by an increase in the local contribution f

Importance: While clinical disease stages remained largely unchanged in the 2024 update of the Alzheimer disease (AD) criteria, tau-positron emission tomography (PET) was introduced as a core biomarker and its spatial extent was incorporated into the revised biological stages of the disease. It is important to consider both the clinical and the biological stages and understand their discrepancies.

Based on individual interviews with six single mothers in the Guatemalan countryside this thesis describes the stigmatization and vulnerability of women who depart from the norm of a society ruled by men. Guatemala is an underdeveloped and violent country, where both men and women are exposed. The vulnerability of women, however, is in many cases huge since the culture of machismo and male superio

This thesis is a grounded theory study of orphanhood in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It aims at understanding how orphans experience their life circumstances; negotiate social interactions and self-images; and develop aspirations for future existence. The study was conducted in Pallisa, Uganda and the methods used were participant observations, photo elicitation and

Connected Autonomous Vehicles (AV)s can transform urban transportation systems and have the potential to improve the safety and efficiency, since human errors and distractions are removed. However, these systems are vulnerable to model uncertainties, communication impairments associated with the wireless communication, and external disturbances. As a result, vehicles need to drive at low speed and

This thesis examines the transport justice in Copenhagen for multimodal transport using cycling and the metro network, to answer the research question ‘How equitable and equal is the bicycle access to high-capacity public transport metro stations in Copenhagen, and how is transport justice distributed?’. This question is answered by combining an expert interview, field observations, and geographic

Research has shown that circular platforms can produce the opposite ecological outcomes they were designed to address by feeding into overconsumption their linear counterparts have been criticised for over the years. This is partly due to their interface’s design that actively nudges and often pushes consumers to spend more money and time on these platforms by removing friction between browsing an