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We demonstrate how the individual mirrors of a high-quality Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror system can be aligned to each other to create an optimally focused beam, through minimizing aberrations in the phase of the ptychographically reconstructed pupil function. Different sources of misalignment and the distinctive phase artifacts they create are presented via experimental results from the alignment

Background: Depression is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aims were to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, obesity, Hemoglobin A1c > 64 mmol/mol, life-style factors, pre-existing CVD, in patients with newly diagnosed T2D; to explore associations with depression; and to compare with Swedish general population data. Methods

This study aimed to investigate self-reported physical activity levels, perceived body appearance, and body functioning in relation to perceived wellbeing among adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was performed in four upper secondary schools in one municipality in southern Sweden. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 1,491 adolescents (55.4% females; median age 16; range 15–17 ye

Background: Existing working heart models for ex vivo functional evaluation of donor hearts often use cardiac afterloads made up of discrete resistive and compliant elements. This approach limits the practicality of independently controlling systolic and diastolic aortic pressure to safely test the heart under multiple loading conditions. We present and investigate a novel afterload concept design

Background: Cervical cancer is a public health challenge despite the available free screening service in Ethiopia. Early screening for cervical cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment of pre-cancers and cancers among women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the uptake of screening and identify the factors among women of reproductive age. Methods: A

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global health problem with the highest prevalence in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of infected people, including healthcare workers are unaware of their status. This study is aimed to determining seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among healthcare workers in northern Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectio

The structural heterogeneity of tumor tissue can be probed by diffusion MRI (dMRI) in terms of the variance of apparent diffusivities within a voxel. However, the link between the diffusional variance and the tissue heterogeneity is not well-established. To investigate this link we test the hypothesis that diffusional variance, caused by microscopic anisotropy and isotropic heterogeneity, is assoc

Background: Several attempts to increase the locoregional control in locally advanced lung cancer including concurrent chemotherapy, accelerated fractionation and dose escalation have been made during the last years. As the EGFR directed antibody cetuximab has shown activity concurrent with radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as well as in stage IV NSCLC combined with che

Capabilities-based planning and capability assessment are high on the agendas of several countries and organisations as part of their risk management and emergency preparedness. Despite this, few definitions of capability exist, and they are not easily related to concepts such as risk, vulnerability and resilience. The aim of the present study was thus to broaden the scientific basis of the risk f

Coordination during disaster recovery is one of the most neglected areas of disaster risk management, as the majority of literature on coordination focuses on disaster response. The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors affecting coordination for long-term recovery. For this purpose, the study uses semi-structured interviews with different actors involved in the recovery process of th

Peak aerobic power in humans ((V) over dot(O2), peak) is markedly affected by inspired O-2 tension (F-IO2). The question to be answered in this study is what factor plays a major role in the limitation of muscle peak. (V) over dot(O2) in hypoxia: arterial O-2 partial pressure (P-a,(O2)) or O-2 content (C-a,C-O2)? Thus, cardiac output (dye dilution with Cardio-green), leg blood flow (thermodilution

Effective disaster risk management is a requisite for sustainable development and it is paramount to include a wide range of stakeholders to manage risk in this context. Recent research indicates the significance of making ideas of what is valuable and important to protect explicit in any disaster risk management initiative that involves several stake- holders. The purpose of this article is thus

Although capacity development has been identified as the means to substantially reduce global disaster losses, it is a challenge for external partners to facilitate the development of sustainable capacities for disaster risk reduction in disaster-prone countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential gaps between how leading professionals approach such capacity development and guid

Objectives To calculate the normal range for the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)/uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) ratio in the third trimester of pregnancy and to assess its value, compared with that of the MCA/umbilical artery PI ratio, in predicting an unfavorable outcome of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Methods Doppler blood flow velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arte

Most microlevel studies in the social sciences have focused on the impact of different measured variables. While some studies have also dealt with unobserved variation, it has usually only been controlled for to perfect the estimates of the observables. In this article, the authors applied a modified version of a recently developed method designed to quantify the effect of unobserved variation in

Background: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) enables non-invasive quantification of cardiac output (CO) and thereby cardiac index (CI, CO indexed to body surface area). The aim of this study was to establish if CI decreases with age and compare the values to CI for athletes and for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: CI was measured in 144 healthy volunteers (39 +/- 16 ye