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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling beskriver olika optiska metoder för att diagnostisera cancer.En sådan metod är optisk spektroskopi (att med hjälp av ljus bestämma fysiska och kemiska egenskaper hos ett prov) som har används för att undersöka cancer i ögat. Avhandlingen omfattar vidare studier av optiska kontrastmedel tillverkade av nanokristaller (nano = en miljarddels meter), vilkas This work presents optical methods for diagnosing cancer. A complementary method for diagnosing eye cancer was investigated using a technique developed within this work named transscleral optical spectroscopy (TOS). Furthermore, nano-sized crystals doped with lanthanides were exploited as probes for fluorescence imaging with direct applications to preclinical cancer research. Almost all intraocul

We present a multiuser synchronization scheme for tracking the mobile's uplink time and frequency offsets. It uses the redundancy introduced by the cyclic prefix and does not need additional pilots. We show performance results of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio interface based on the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) parameters. For a UMTS-typical mo

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to detect and quantify multiple metabolites. This chapter will review some of the applications of MRS to the study of brain functions. Typically, (1)H-MRS can detect metabolites reflecting neuronal density and integrity, markers of energy metabolism or inflammation, as well as neurotransmitters. The complexity of th

In this study, the upward (IUS) and downward (IDS) slopes of the QRS complex are proposed as indices for quantifying ischemia-induced electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Using ECG recordings acquired before and during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), it is found that the QRS slopes are considerably less steep during artery occlusion, in particular for IDS. With respect to ischem

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are an enabling solid-state technology for low light sensing, with single photon sensitivity and photon number resolving capability. They feature an extremely high internal gain at the 106 level, comparable to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), with the advantage of low operating voltage (~50 V compared to ~1000 V for PMT) and low energy consumption. The solid-state tec

Vineyards shape important economic, cultural, and ecological systems in many temperate biomes. Like other agricultural systems, they can be multifunctional landscapes that not only produce grapes, but also for example serve as wildlife habitat, sequester carbon, and are places of rich traditions. However, research and management practices often focus mostly on individual, specific ecosystem servic

We will give a short introduction to foreground/background estimation and Hidden Markov fortracking. More information about the topics can be found in the papers listed at the end.

This scoping study is a first step in determining a way to examine contestability of freight flows to rail and road in Australia. It The study reviews current freight and commodity modelling practice to identifying the most effective model for further study. A four-step commodity flow approach was first identified being most suitable and a proposed model was scoped. However, lack of available data

Floodwater harvesting (FWH) for artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) and spate irrigation (SI) is the most widely practiced large catchment water harvesting technique. It has recently received renewed attention for research, improvement, and implementation. This chapter first introduces an innovative, locally adaptive, and improved FWH technique—floodwater spreading systems (FWS)—to guide poli

A motion of an object is controlled from a geostationary transit orbit (GTO) of an earth to an orbit of a moon. A first trajectory of the motion of the object is determined from an intermediate orbit of an earth to a neighborhood of a stable manifold of a first Lagrange point (L1). A second trajectory of the motion of the object is determined from the GTO to the intermediate orbit. A third traject

Thanks to the fierce competition and the globalization of markets as well as compa¬nies, supply chain management has emerged as one of the most urgent manage¬rial issues in business today. This thesis is devoted to one aspect of this vast problem area - the coordinated management/control of supply chain inventories. The objective is: To develop methods and models for coordinated inventory contro

In the last few years, technologies for broadband delivery over copper have dealt with increased capacity demands by using high frequencies and transmitter coordination, also known as vectoring. At the same time, to provide high capacity mobile broadband, operators have resorted to small cells. The work compiled into this dissertation covers both vectoring in traditional and future wireline servic

Electric and magnetic current densities are an essential part of electromagnetic theory. The goal of the present paper is to define and investigate stored energies that are valid for structures that can support both electric and magnetic current densities. Stored energies normalized with the dissipated power give us the Q factor, or antenna Q, for the structure. Lower bounds of the Q factor provi